激素性幼兔股骨头缺血性坏死动物模型的建立及生物学特性观察  

Establishment of a juvenile rabbit model of avascular necrosis of femoral head

作　　者：谢秭[1] 俞松[1] 罗宇[1] 姜福贵[1] 徐艳朋[1] 彭岗[1] 王健[1] 

机构地区：[1]遵义医学院附属医院小儿矫形外科,563003

出　　处：《中华小儿外科杂志》2013年第6期463-467,共5页Chinese Journal of Pediatric Surgery

摘　　要：目的建立糖皮质激素导致的幼兔股骨头缺血坏死模型，观察其生物学特性。方法选用2月龄的新西兰大白兔60只（1．4～1．7kg），应用随机排列表法，分为：激素注射组（48只），臀肌注射糖皮质激素（7．5mg／kg）；对照组（12只），臀肌注射等体积的生理盐水（0．3ml／kg），每周2次，共8周。模型制作完成后，按照日本骨坏死多中心协会提出的标准化股骨头非创伤性坏死诊断标准，根据实验动物是否发病将激素注射组分为：激素注射发病组和激素注射未发病组。于第1次注射后第2、4、6、8周行双髋关节X线正位片、CT扫描检查，分别取双侧股骨头软骨、软骨下骨质行组织病理学、电镜检查。结果按照日本骨坏死多中心协会提出的标准化股骨头非创伤性坏死诊断标准，至第8周末，激素注射组动物存活31只，共7只实验动物被认定为股骨头坏死阳性，本组股骨头缺血性坏死发生率为22．58%（7／31）。激素注射组股骨头骨质密度均匀增高，骨纹理消失，骨骺变小，高度下降，髋关节间隙增宽；骨小梁稀疏、变细，部分断裂，排列不规则，骨小梁面积比分别为（34．56±6．14）％、（34．08±6．30）％，较之对照组（53．12±6．10）Voo均明显减少，差异有统计学意义（P〈O．01）；骨陷窝中骨细胞核固缩、变形、边聚，空骨陷窝增多，而激素注射发病组健侧和激素注射未发病组及对照组双侧股骨头仅有少量骨陷窝空缺，发病组骨陷窝空缺率（24．63±6．83）％明显高于激素注射未发病组（11．03±3．67）％和对照组（10．75±2．16）％，差异有统计学意义（P〈O．（）1）；其余各组间比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；软骨下骨质中骨细胞皱缩，细胞膜不完整，部分细胞质中有脂滴，未见细胞器，核膜不完整，核膜分离，染色质浓缩、边聚。结论单纯�Objective To establish a model of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in juvenile rabbits induced by glucocorticoid. Methods Sixty New Zealand albino rabbits （50% females and 50% males） aged two months （1.4-1.7 kg） were randomly divided into 2 groups： steroid injection group （SIG） and control group （CG）. Prednisolone acetate of 7. 5 mg/kg was injected into each rabbit for the SIG （n = 48） and normal saline of 0. 30ml/kg for the CG （n = 12） twice a week for eight weeks. Ac- cording to the diagnostic criteria for non-traumatic necrosis of femoral head of the Japan association of osteonecrosis multi-center, the SIG was further divided into the disease group （DG） and the non-dis- ease group （NL）. X-ray and CT examination were performed at 2,4,6, and 8 weeks after the first in- jection. Four rabbits of the SIG and two of the CG were sacrificed after 2,4,6 weeks, and the rest of the rabbits were sacrificed after 8 weeks. The cartilage of the femoral head and the subcartilaginous bone were examined by histopathology and transmission electronic microscope. Results At the end of the 8th week, 7 of 31 rabbits developed avascular necrosis of the femoral head in the SIG with the inci- dence of 22. 58%. In the SIG,the bone mineral density of femoral heads was increased evenly and the normal bone texture disappeared. The osteoepiphysis of the femoral heads in the SIG was smaller and the hip clearance was wider than those in the CG. The height of epiphysis in the SIG was also de- creased compared to that in the CG. Along with the prolonged glucocorticoid given, symptoms gradual- ly deteriorated. The bone trabeculae became sparser and thinner,and some of them were fractured and irregular in the SIG. At the end of the 8th week, the proportion of bone trabeculae was （34. 56 ±6. 14）% in the DG and （34. 08 ± 6. 30）% in the NDG respectively,with statistical difference compared to that in the CG [（53.12 ± 6. 10）%, P〈0. 01]. Osteocyte karyopyknosis and transformation were ob served

关 键 词：股骨头坏死 模型 动物 兔 糖皮质激素类 

分 类 号：R681.8[医药卫生—骨科学]