变应性鼻炎患者3292例变应原谱变化分析  

Analysis of allergen variation for 3292 patients with allergic rhinitis

作　　者：彭晓林[1] 张金梅[1] 王丽生[1] 时文杰[1] 孙沛湧[1] 张玉庚[1] 林鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市第一中心医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科天津市耳鼻咽喉科研究所,300192

出　　处：《中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志》2013年第6期504-506,共3页Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery

摘　　要：目的了解天津市第一中心医院近4年来变应性鼻炎（allergicrhinitis，AR）患者变应原谱的变化情况。方法回顾性分析2009-2012年确诊为AR的3292例患者皮肤点刺试验结果，研究各变应原阳性率4年来的变化趋势，并进一步分析前5位变应原在未成年人组、成年人组以及不同性别组的变化情况，以SPSS19．0软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果粉尘螨、屋尘螨变应原阳性率呈逐年增高趋势，分别由2009年的45．1％、42．O％上升至2012年的66．3％、58．6％，差异有统计学意义（χ2值分别为68．70、41．55，P值均〈0．01）；粉尘螨、屋尘螨在成年人组及男性组出现明显逐年上升趋势（χ2 值分别为75．85、69．93、274．25、42．62，P值均〈0．01），而在未成年人组及女性组尽管有波动但未见明显的变化趋势；藜、艾蒿、葎草变应原阳性率在2009年至2011年出现明显的下降（χ2值分别为22．08、11．64、203．19，P值均〈0．01），但是2012年再次明显升高（χ2值分别为21．55、29．38、12．40，P值均〈0．01）。结论AR患者变应原种类有波动变化，可以为临床变应原点刺液种类的选择提供参考。Objective To investigate the variation of common allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in recent 4 years in Tianjin First Center Hospital. Methods The medical records of skin prick test on 3292 patients with allergic rhinitis between 2009 and 2012 were restrospectively analyzed. The changing trend of various allergens in 4 years and distribution differences were compared. The differences of the top 5 allergens in under age group, adult group and different gender group were further analyzed by SPSS 19. 0 software. Results The positive rate of dermatophagoides farinae was increasing year by year, from 45.1% in 2009 to 66. 3% in 2012, and the positive rate of dermatophagoides pteronyssinus increased from 42. 0% in 2009 to 58.6% in 2012, the difference was statistically significant （χ2 value was 68.70, 41.55, all P 〈 0. 01 ）. The positive rate of dermatophagoides farinae and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in adult group and male group showed significant upward trend year by year （χ2 value was 75.85, 69. 93, 274.25, 42. 62, all P 〈 0. 01 ） , but not in adult group and female group. The positive rate of quinoa, mugwort and humulus scandens decreased year by year between 2009 and 2011 （χ2 value was 22. 08, 11.64, 203.19, all P 〈 0. 01 ） , but increased again in 2012 （ χ2 value was 21.55, 29. 38, 12.40, all P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusions There is a tendency of change of allergens in patients with AR. This phenominon may be helpful for doctors to choose the type of skin prick liquid.

关 键 词：鼻炎 变应性 常年性 鼻炎 变应性 季节性 变应原 皮肤试验 

分 类 号：R765.21[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]