中国北方地区几种农业气象灾害指标研究综述  

Summary on the Main Agro-Meteorological Disasters in Northern China Index Research

作　　者：王连喜[1,2] 孔坚文[1,2] 李琪[1,2] 肖玮钰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学,江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制高技术研究重点实验室,江苏南京210044 [2]南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2013年第6期627-636,共10页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"全球变化环境下作物产量的影响与适应监测评估技术"(编号:2012BAH29B03);科技部公益性行业(气象)科研专项"特色林果气象灾害监测预警关键技术"(编号:GYHY201106024)资助

摘　　要：针对我国北方地区常见的几种农业气象灾害:干旱、低温冷害、霜冻和干热风,对其各类指标进行了归纳和描述。干旱指标是从监测、防御、经济损失评估、社会经济发展水平和科技进步5个方面来分别描述;冷害指标就目前常见的几类进行了简要介绍;霜冻指标多针对不同作物给出具体判别标准;干热风指标从气象、判别、危害和防御4个方面进行了描述。总结了不同指标的优缺点,同时也对这些灾害指标目前存在的问题和今后改进的方向提出了看法,为形成北方地区农业气象灾害指标体系奠定基础,同时为今后该地区各类农业气象灾害的监测、评估及防灾减灾工作提供参考与支撑。This paper summarizes some common agro-meteorological disasters in Northern China： drought, dry-hot wind, cold damage and frost injury. In view of these four types of disasters, we classify and describe their indexes. Among them, the introduction of drought indexes are more detailed and comprehensive. The drought inde- xes are divided into five categories that are monitoring, defense, economic losses, the level of socio-economic de- velopment and the progress of science ＆ technology from different angles, which are described respectively. For cold damage, at present, the delayed-type of cold damage mainly has six types, and this paper introduces only five types, with a brief description of the most common types of cold damage indexes. Frost effects on crops are not only associated with the intensity and duration of frost but also with different crop types. Therefore, frost indexes of dif- ferent crops are not the same, and the indexes of frost are mostly given a specific criterion for different crops ; Dry hot wind is the most serious impact on wheat in North China. This paper summarizes the indexes of dry-hot wind from the four meteorological, discriminant, hazard and defense aspects. These four types of meteorological disasters occur frequently in northern China, particularly causing severe impact on the local agricultural production. This pa- per summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of different indexes, and puts forward some problems and im- provement direction of the disaster indexes. At the same time, we try to lay a foundation for the formation of the northern region index system of agro-meteorological disasters, and provide a foundation in disasters supervision and assessment as well as supply a reference for preventing and mitigating the disasters.

关 键 词：干旱 干热风 低温冷害 霜冻 指标 

分 类 号：P429[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]