化学药剂处理对灌浆期低温条件下玉米光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Chemical Regulation on Maize Photosynthesis and Yield under Low Temperature Stress during Grain Filling Stage

作　　者：祁利潘[1] 陶洪斌[1] 周祥利[1] 吴景玉[1] 赵丽晓[1] 王璞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193

出　　处：《玉米科学》2013年第3期52-56,共5页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家现代玉米产业技术体系(CARS-02-26)

摘　　要：研究灌浆期低温条件下,喷施脱落酸、甜菜碱和水杨酸对玉米灌浆中后期光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明,喷施脱落酸降低了叶片的净光合速率,低、中浓度脱落酸处理提高了PSⅡ的光化学效率(Fv/Fm),高浓度处理使PSⅡ的光化学效率降低,脱落酸处理使产量下降8.0%～14.6%;喷施甜菜碱增加了叶片的净光合速率和PSⅡ光化学效率,甜菜碱处理使产量提高0.9%～6.9%;喷施水杨酸可有效维持并提高玉米叶片的光合性能,除中浓度处理产量较对照增加1.4%之外,其他浓度处理产量下降1.2%～3.4%。喷施脱落酸、甜菜碱和水杨酸主要通过调节千粒重来实现对产量的调控,其中,高浓度甜菜碱(10 mmol/L)在提高光合能力和产量方面表现最优。Field experiment was conducted to compare the effect of three chemicals on leaves photosynthesis and grain yield of maize growing under low temperature stress during grain filling stage. The main results showed that spraying of abscisic acid（ABA） reduced the net photosynthesis rate, 30 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L improved the PS II photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fm）, while 60 μmol/L ABA decreased the PS Ⅱ photochemical efficiency, and spraying of ABA decreased grain yield by 8.0% - 14.6%. The spraying of betaine increased leaves net photosynthesis rate and PS Ⅱ photochemical efficiency, and spraying of betaine increased yield by 0.9% - 6.9%. Salicylic acid enhanced leaves photosynthesis effectively, but decreased yield by 1.2% - 3.4% with the exception of 0.5 mmol/L. Generally, grain yield was mainly affected due to the regulation on grain weight by spaying of chemicals. High concentration of betaine （10 mmol/L） was the optimal treatment concerning the improving of the leaves photosynthesis and grain yield.

关 键 词：玉米 低温胁迫 化学调控 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]