行间覆膜对内蒙古河套灌区春玉米水分利用效率及土壤排盐量的影响  

Effects of Water Use Efficiency and Soil Removed Salinity Amount on Spring Maize in Inner Mongolia Hetao Irrigation with Film Mulching Between Furrows

作　　者：吕佳雯[1] 武向良[2] 高聚林[1] 于健 李曼[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古农牧业厅信息中心,呼和浩特010011 [3]内蒙古水利科学研究院,呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《玉米科学》2013年第3期103-109,共7页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金："973"计划项目(2009CB118601);国家自然科学基金(31060175);内蒙古农业大学玉米超高产创新团队计划(NDTD2010-9);国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD16B13;2011BAD29B03)

摘　　要：试验于2009～2010年在内蒙古河套灌区进行,设行上覆膜、行间覆膜和不覆膜(CK)3个处理,分析河套灌区盐渍化土壤覆膜对春玉米土壤水分运移及利用的影响,挖掘春玉米农艺节水机制。结果表明,行间覆膜显著减少土壤供水消耗,提高灌水利用率和降水利用率,总耗水量降低。行间覆膜通过改变春玉米阶段耗水量、日耗水量和耗水模系数,达到各时期土壤水分最适比例;行间覆膜处理水分利用效率较对照分别提高了20.05%和57.13%;覆膜能很好地抑制土壤返盐,行间覆膜处理0-80 cm土层可溶性盐分降低了1.30 g/kg,可有效预防土壤板结,显著提高灌水效率和灌水均匀度。The experiment was set in Inner Mongolia Hetao irrigation in 2009 and 2010. Covering film on furrow and covering film between furrows as treatments, none film mulching as control. The experiment was designed to ex- plore effects of mulching patterns on water movement dynamic and water use on salinity soil about spring maize in Hetao Irrigation Area which brought the theory value for spring maize in the field of water saving. The results showed that the total water consumption amount of covering film between furrows reduced because of saving of soil water, which increased irrigation utilization and precipitation utilization. The pattern of covering film between furrows turned water consumption, daily water and water mold coefficient to the most optimal ratios. Comparing to none film mulching, WUE increased 20.05% and 57,13%, respectively. Covering film prevented rise of soil salt content. The salinity in 0 - 80 cm soil reduced 1.30 g/kg under covering film between furrows which effectively prevented soil hardened and significantly improved irrigation efficiency and irrigation uniformity.

关 键 词：春玉米 行间覆膜 盐渍化土壤 水分利用效率 土壤排盐 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学] S513.047