权利理论与权利立法  

Rights Theory and Rights Legislation

作　　者：张鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学威海分校法学院,山东威海264209

出　　处：《河北法学》2013年第4期2-8,共7页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金项目<法的结构规范化研究>(11BFX003);山东省社会科学规划研究项目<在权利实践中发展权利理论>(11DFXJ03)

摘　　要：权利本位论的形成和深化深刻地影响着我国权利立法的不断进步。但是,权利理论中的认识偏差也导致了法律文本中的固有缺陷:将权利视为手段造成部分法律文本重管理轻权利;要素分析的研究进路是导致权利性条款缺乏可操作性的根本原因;对权利义务关系理解的偏差造成了义务约束的缺憾。为此,必须在澄清理论认识的基础上,完善权利立法:坚持以人为本、立法为民的立法目的;着重在法律关系中认识权利,根据具体的法律关系构建权利性条款;突破单纯的归纳概括,根据行为而不是主体拟定权利性条款;澄清权利与义务的对应关系,坚持权利本位反而应当在立法中进一步强化义务规定。The establishment and development of right-oriented paradigm make a great impact on rights legislation. But the defects of rights theory make rights legislation into trouble. Firstly, legal rights are regarded to be means not aims, which cause acts pay more attention on administration than legal rights. Secondly, the element study of legal rights cause rights clauses hard to be observed. Thirdly, because of the misunderstood of relationship of rights and obligations, there are problems in rights legislation. So rights legislation should be improved on the basis of clarification of rights theory. Firstly, we should persist in the people-oriented development of legislation. Secondly, legal rights should be analyzed and prescribed in the legal relationship. Thirdly, rights clauses should not be concerned about who have the right, but should focus on what can people do. Lastly, we should give more attention on the obligations legislation.

关 键 词：权利 权利本位 权利立法 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]