祁连山高山草地毒杂草侵入对蝗虫相对多度的影响  

Effects of invasive weeds on relative grasshopper abundance in alpine steppe in the Qilian Mountains

作　　者：孙涛[1,2] 陈强[1] 赵亚雄[2] 龙瑞军[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土区农业生态重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150081 [2]兰州大学青藏高原生态系统管理国际中心,甘肃兰州730000 [3]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业学报》2013年第3期85-91,共7页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No:41201047)资助

摘　　要：为研究祁连山高山草地毒杂草侵入对蝗虫群落组成、相对多度以及群落数量的影响,2008-2009年6-9月在野外调查基础上,对毒杂草(狼毒、甘肃臭草和披针叶黄华)侵入型草地和天然草地植被群落、土壤理化特性以及蝗虫多样性及群落数量进行调查分析。结果表明,毒杂草侵入显著降低草地物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数和均匀度指数(P<0.05),植被群落高度和生物量明显增加(P<0.05);甘肃臭草侵入型草地土壤有机质和含水量最高,狼毒侵入型草地土壤紧实度和天然草地全N含量显著大于其他样地(P<0.05);毒杂草侵入影响蝗虫群落组成、降低物种多样性、改变物种相对多度。但蝗虫群落数量因杂草种类呈现较大差异,蝗虫群落数量因甘肃臭草侵入而降低、随狼毒和披针叶黄华侵入而增加。高山草地毒杂草侵入通过改变植被结构和营养价值、影响蝗虫土壤理化特性和栖息生境,而草地蝗虫群落组成、数量和多样性对此做出积极响应。该研究不仅为研究高山草地毒杂草型退化对昆虫以及无脊椎动物的影响提供参考,而且也为高山草地生物多样性维持和保育提供有益依据。The influence of weed （Stellera chamaejasme, Thermopsis lanceolata and Melica przewalsky） inva- sion on the community composition, relative abundance and population of grasshoppers was studied in alpine grassland of the Qilian Mountains. The vegetation community, physical chemical characteristics of soil, species diversity and community numbers of grasshoppers were investigated from June to September 2008- 2009. Weed invasion significantly （P〈0.05） reduced species richness, diversity and the evenness index of vegetation but significantly （P〈0.05） increased the height and biomass. The contents of organic matter and moisture from grassland invaded by M. przewalsky were the highest but the largest populations of grasshoppers were found in grasslands invaded by S. chamaejasme and T. lanceolata. The soil hardness in S. chamaejasme invaded grassland and total N content in natural grassland were strikingly （P〈0.05） higher than in others. Weed invasion affected grasshopper community composition, reduced species diversity, and changed species relative abundance, while their effect on population size depended on the kinds of weeds： invasion by M. przewalsky inhibited, while that of S. chamaejasme and T. lanceolata increased grasshopper populations. The mechanism of community characteristics of grasshopper response to invasive weeds, not only offers reference for studying the impact of degradation of alpine grassland caused by weed invasion on the diversity of insect and invertebrates, but gives data for managing the maintainance and conservation of biodiversity in alpine grasslands.

关 键 词：毒杂草侵入 植被特性 土壤理化特性 多样性 祁连山 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学] S45[农业科学—畜牧学]