甘肃省河东地区春玉米气候因子及气候生产潜力时空变化  

Spatiotemporal variation patterns of climatic factors and climatic potential productivity of spring maize in eastern Gansu of Northwest China

作　　者：尹海霞[1] 张勃[1] 张建香[1] 孙力炜[1] 何旭强[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2013年第6期1504-1510,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40961038);生态经济学省级重点学科项目(5001-021);西北师范大学知识与科技创新工程项目(NWNU-KJCXGC-03-66)资助

摘　　要：根据甘肃河东地区15个气象站点1961—2010年的气象资料以及春玉米生育期资料,利用数理统计分析方法及GIS技术研究了该区50年春玉米生长季的气候因子变化特征及光合生产潜力、光温生产潜力、气候生产潜力的时空分布特征。结果表明:近50年来,河东地区春玉米生长季平均气温波动上升,平均增温0.36℃·10a-1,太阳辐射总量明显下降,降雨量波动下降;光合生产潜力下降,光温生产潜力上升,气候生产潜力略微增加;光合生产潜力从南到北逐渐增加,光温生产潜力中部低,北部、南部及东部高,气候生产潜力从东南向西北递减;该区太阳辐射的下降导致了光合生产潜力的下降,但温度的大幅升高,弥补了太阳辐射带来的负面效应;另外,由于该区降水呈下降趋势,且季节分配不均匀,在一定程度上影响了作物气候生产潜力。研究结果揭示了甘肃省河东地区春玉米气候因子及气候生产潜力时空变化。Based on the 1961-2010 weather data from 15 meteorological stations and the field observation data in spring maize growth period, and by using statistics method and geographical information system （GIS） techniques, this paper studied the variation characteristics of climatic factors and the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of photosynthetic potential productivity, light-temperature potential productivity, and climatic potential productivity of spring maize during its growth period in East Gansu from 1961 to 2010. In the recent 50 years in eastern Gansu, the mean air temperature in spring maize growth period presented a fluctuated increase, with a mean annual increase of 0.36 ℃, while the total solar radiation declined obviously, and the precipita- tion showed a fluctuated descent. The photosynthetic potential productivity presented a decrease, light-temperature potential productivity was in adverse, and climatic potential productivity showed a slight increase. The photosynthetic potential productivity increased gradually from south to north, light-temperature potential productivity was higher in the north, south, and east parts but lower in the central part, and climatic potential productivity decreased from southeast to north- west. The decrease of solar radiation led to the decline of the light-temperature potential produc- tivity, but the greatly increased temperature compensated the negative effect of solar radiation. Due to the decrease of precipitation and its uneven seasonal distribution, the climatic potential productivity was impacted to some extent. Our results provided references in revealing the spatio- temporal variation patterns of climatic factors and climatic potential productivity of spring maize in East Gansu.

关 键 词：甘肃河东地区 春玉米 气候因子 生产潜力 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]