辽宁省气候变化及其对极端天气气候的影响  

Climate change and its impacts on extreme climate events in Liaoning Province of Northeast China

作　　者：龚强[1] 汪宏宇[2] 张运福[1] 王颖[1] 崔妍[1] 周晓宇[1] 张海娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳区域气候中心,沈阳110016 [2]中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所,沈阳110016

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2013年第6期1525-1531,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家发展改革委;国家财政部和中国气象局联合项目;中国气象局项目和公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201306034-1)资助

摘　　要：根据辽宁省55个气象站1961—2010年的气候资料,采用线性回归、不同标准气候期对比等方法,分析了辽宁省气候要素的变化及其对极端气候事件的影响。结果表明:近50年,辽宁省年平均气温以0.30℃·10a-1的速率显著上升,平均日最低气温的上升速率(0.49℃·10a-1)是平均日最高气温(0.20℃·10a-1)的2倍多;与第1个标准气候期(1961—1990年)相比,最近30年标准气候期(1981—2010年)年平均气温升高了0.5℃左右,年日照时数减少了近100h,而降水量变化不明显;气候变暖的情况下,夏季低温冷害和冬季极端严寒事件现象仍时有发生;对极端降水影响不显著,日最大降水量和过程最大降水量的年际波动性明显大于趋势性,但极端降水出现地有从辽东向全省扩展的迹象;积雪深度没有显著的变化,但近50年来前二位的最大积雪深度均发生在2000年后;冻土深度有显著的减小趋势。气候变化情况下,对极端天气气候事件的预防不容忽视。Based on the 1961-2010 climate data from 55 meteorological stations, and by using linear regression and the comparison of different standard climate periods, this paper analyzed the changes in climate factors and their impacts on the extreme climate events in Liaoning Province. In recent 50 years, the mean annual air temperature in the Province had a significant increase, with an increment of 0.30 ℃ per decade. The increasing rate of the mean daily minimum air temperature （0.48 ℃ per decade） was over twice of that of the mean daily maximum air temper- ature （0.20℃ per decade）. As compared with those in the first standard climate period （1961 -1990） , the mean annual air temperature in the nearest 30-year standard climate period （1981- 2010） increased by 0.5℃ , the annual sunshine duration reduced by nearly 100 h, but the pre- cipitation had no obvious change trend. Under the background of climate warming, the summer chilling damage and the extreme cold events still occurred. Extreme precipitation had no signifi- cam change trend, but the interannual fluctuation of the maximum daily precipitation and of the process maximum precipitation was greater than the linear trend. The extreme precipitation showed signs of expansion from eastern Liaoning to the whole province. No significant change was observed on the snow cover depth, but the top two ranks of the maximum snow depth all occurred after 2000. The frozen soil depth had a significantly decreased trend. Under the background of climate warming, the precaution against extreme climate events should not be ignored.

关 键 词：气候变化 极端天气气候事件 辽宁省 标准气候期 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]