从坐到站过程中向后滑倒时人体平衡调节策略的生物力学研究  

Biomechanical Research of Balance Control Strategy During Backward Slip Induced by Sit-to-Stand Movement

作　　者：李旭龙[1] 纪仲秋[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学体育与运动学院,北京100875

出　　处：《成都体育学院学报》2013年第6期81-86,共6页Journal of Chengdu Sport University

基　　金：教育部人文社科课题(11YJA88003);国家自然科学基金(41140007);北京师范大学教学建设与改革项目(11-22-4)

摘　　要：目的:研究从坐到站过程中向后滑倒时人体的支撑与平衡调节特点及相关影响因素。方法:利用动态滑轨对10名受试者进行滑倒测试。并测量受试者下肢髋、膝、踝关节的力矩、本体感觉和反应时间。结果:1)成功的平衡恢复表现为显著升高的地面反作用力、动作完成时间和X、Y两个方向上的压力中心位移值。2)向后滑倒时胫骨前肌、竖脊肌和三角肌的积分肌电变化较正常状态有了非常显著的升高。3)踝关节的力量和本体感觉与平衡调整时间相关性较大。结论:从坐到站过程中遭遇突然地向后滑倒时,人体会向后迈出恢复步以抵抗向后滑倒的趋势。增加恢复步的步幅,可以增加支撑面积并提供更充足的时间用于调整平衡。同时手臂的有力摆动对维持平衡也很重要。Objective： this study analyzes the characteristics of support and balance control during backward slip induced by sit - to - stand movement and the related factors. Methods ： ten subjects are tested for their slips on sliding platforms to measure their joint torque, proprioception and reaction time. Results ： 1 ） The successful balance recovery is characterized by a significantly raised ground reaction force （GRF）, action time and COP displacement in X and Y direction. 2） The IEMG change of tibialis anterior （TA）, erector spinae （ES） and dehoideus （DE） increased significantly during backward slip. 3） Anklet force and proprioception is highly related to the adjustment time during backward slip. Conclusion： When encountered with sudden backward slip during sit -to -stand, it is the trend of human body people to always take backward recovery step against backward slip. Larger support base and more time can be acquired to adjust balance by greater stride of recovery step. Meanwhile, powerful arm swing is also important to balance control.

关 键 词：从坐到站 滑倒 平衡调节 表面肌电 本体感觉 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]