长沙市2004-2012年狂犬病流行病学调查分析及防控对策  

Epidemiological Analysis and Control Measures of Rabies in Changsha from 2004 to 2012

作　　者：谢强明[1,2] 刘如春[2] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学公共卫生学院,湖南长沙410078 [2]长沙市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2013年第6期687-689,共3页Practical Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析近年来长沙市狂犬病流行特点,为制定和调整防控对策提供依据。方法收集长沙市2004-2012年的疫情资料和个案调查资料,进行统计分析。结果长沙市2004-2012年共报告狂犬病病例124例,死亡124例;病例以农村为主,4县（市）病例数为114例,占全市发病数的91.94%;每个月份都有病例报告,8月份最多,3月份最少;男性病例多于女性,男女发病比为2.35：1,年龄最小者2岁,最大者82岁,50~59岁组报告最多,占总病例数的29.03%;职业以农民为主,占发病数的79.03%;主要伤人动物为犬,占97.24%,伤人动物以自家养的为主,占48.62%;暴露部位以手部最多,44.04%;暴露后规范处置率和疫苗使用率低,在医疗机构进行伤口处置的仅占12.84%,暴露后狂犬病疫苗使用率仅9.17%;潜伏期最短的为9 d,最长为5 319 d（14.78年）;发病至死亡最短为发病当天死亡,最长为9 d。结论长沙近年来狂犬病疫情相对平稳,距离消除人间狂犬病的目标还有大量工作要做。Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of rabies in Changsha from 2004 to 2012,and to provide evidence for developing prevention and control measures.Methods The epidemic data and the information of rabies cases occurred in Changsha from 2004 to 2012 were collected to conduct statistical analysis.Results A total of 124 rabies cases were reported in Changsha from 2004 to 2012,and all patients died.Most of the cases were from rural areas,there were 114 cases from 4 counties,accounted for 91.94% of the total cases.There were cases reported in each month of the years,most of the cases occurred in August,while the least happened in March.Male cases were more than female ones,and the ratio was 2.35：1.The youngest was 2 years old,while the oldest was 82.Most of the cases were from age group of 50-59 years,accounted for 29.03% of the total cases.The main occupation was farmer,accounted for 79.03% of the total cases.The patients were mostly hurt by dogs,with the ratio of 97.24%,among those animals,48.62% were raised by themselves.The exposure area was mainly in upper limbs（44.04%）.The standard disposal after exposure and the vaccine usage were both very low.Only 12.84% of the wounds were disposed in medical institutions,9.17% of the cases were given the vaccine.The shortest incubation period was 9 days,while the longest was 5,319 days（14.78 years）.And the disease courses of all cases were from 1 day to 9 days.Conclusions The epidemic situations of rabies in Changsha during the period of 2004 to 2012 are relatively steady,but there is still a lot of work to do to eliminate rabies.

关 键 词：狂犬病 流行病学 防控对策 

分 类 号：R512.99[医药卫生—内科学]