高架轻轨噪声预报模型及实验对比  

Model for Prediction of Elevated Light-rail’s Noise and Experimental Verification

作　　者：朱瑞仪[1] 车驰东[1] 谢鲁威[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学船舶海洋与建筑工程学院海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海200240

出　　处：《噪声与振动控制》2013年第3期106-110,共5页Noise and Vibration Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51109131)

摘　　要：城市高架轻轨在缓解交通压力的同时也给其周边的环境带来了噪声问题。因此,其噪声预报开始逐渐受到技术人员的广泛关注。在前人研究的基础上提出一个轨道交通噪声沿水平方向传播的计算模型,把通过的列车看作一有限长线声源,将声场分为声影区和声照区。该模型不仅考虑了直达声的影响,还附加考虑声照区内的地面反射声、声影区内桥面与地面间的混响声以及地面振动引起的二次辐射声的贡献。为了验证理论模型的有效性,对上海市某高架轻轨运行段进行实测,测试与计算结果的趋势保持一致。通过不同模型计算结果与实测值的比较可见:在近场区增加混响声、地面反射声和地面辐射声,修正后的预报结果误差明显减小;在远场区,三种修正的影响随距离的增大而减小,因为声场趋于自由场。因此,所提出的预报模型可以作为高架轻轨声学设计参考。Although the urban elevated light-rail can release public transportation pressure, it leads to severe environment noise problems. Therefore, the related noise prediction method has gained more and more attention from technical staff. In this paper, a new model for prediction of noise propagation in the horizontal direction of the elevated light-rail was presented on the basis of the previous researches. The train noise was regarded as a finite line acoustic source, and the sound field was divided into sound shadow zone and sound direct zone. The model included direct sound effect, the ground-reflected sound effect （mainly in the sound direct zone）, the reverberant sound effect between the bridge and the ground （mainly in the sound shadow zone）, and the secondary sound radiation effect caused by the ground vibration. In order to verify the effectiveness of this theoretical model, some experiments for measurement of elevated light-rail noise in a Shanghai urban area were done. It was found that the trend of test results is consistent with that from computation of this prediction model. In the near-field region, the prediction error is significantly reduced after the modification by the effects of the reverberant sound, the ground reflection sound and the ground radiation sound. However, in the far-field region, the impacts of the modification decrease with the increasing of the distance since the sound fields tend to become free fields. Therefore, the prediction model presented in this paper is of significance for a reference in the acoustic design of elevated light rails.

关 键 词：声学 噪声预报 高架轻轨 实验验证 

分 类 号：U239.5[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] TB533[理学—物理]