晋南旱地麦田夏闲期土壤水分和养分变化特征  

Change characteristics of soil moisture and nutrients in rain-fed winter wheat field under different fertilization modes in Southern Shanxi of China during summer fallow period

作　　者：李廷亮[1] 谢英荷[1] 洪坚平[1] 冯倩[1] 孙丞鸿 王志伟 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太谷030801 [2]宁波市鄞州区姜山镇农业技术推广站,浙江宁波315191 [3]太原市农产品质量安全监测中心,太原030000

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2013年第6期1601-1608,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303104);国家小麦现代产业技术体系建设专项;山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(201231);山西农业大学引进人才科研启动基金项目(XB2011007)资助

摘　　要：2009—2011年在晋南旱地冬小麦种植区,研究了传统施肥(CF)、推荐施肥(RF)及垄膜沟播(RFFP)处理结合秸秆覆盖措施对夏闲期(6—9月)2m土层土壤水分、NO3--N,以及0～40cm土层速效磷、速效钾含量的影响.结果表明:夏闲期降水可补充旱地麦田2m土层土壤在冬小麦生长季所消耗的水分,其中94%以上蓄水量集中在0～140cm土层,休闲效率为6%～27%.夏闲期降水易引起NO3--N下移;357～400mm的降水量可使NO3--N淋移到100cm土层,积累峰值在20～40cm土层.夏闲期秸秆覆盖或地膜与秸秆配合覆盖可有效提高0～40cm土层速效磷和速效钾含量,3个夏闲期累计增加量分别为17%～45%和36%～49%.不同处理间以垄膜沟播+沟内覆盖秸秆的二元覆盖模式蓄水培肥效果最佳,3个夏闲期2m土层土壤累计蓄水215mm,累计矿化氮90kg·hm-2,耕层土壤速效磷和速效钾含量分别累计增加2.7和83mg·kg-1,显著高于推荐施肥和传统施肥处理.推荐施肥和传统施肥处理对土壤水分、养分变化的影响无显著差异.n 2009-2011, a field experiment was conducted in a rain-fed winter wheat field in Southern Shanxi of China to study the effects of different fertilization modes on the change characteristics of soil moisture and nitrate-N contents in 0-200 cm layer and of soil available phosphorus （Oslen-P） and potassium contents in 0-40 cm layer during summer fallow period （from June to September）. Three fertilization modes were installed, i.e., conventional fertilization （CF）, recommended fertilization （RF）, and ridge film furrow planting （RFFP） combined with straw mulch. The results showed that the rainfall in summer fallow period could complement the consumed water in 0-200 cm soil layer in dryland wheat field throughout the growth season, and more than 94% of the water storage was in 0-140 cm soil layer, with the fallow efficiency ranged from 6% to 27%. The rainfall in summer fallow period caused the soil nitrate-N moving downward. 357-400 mm rainfall could make the soil nitrate-N leaching down to 100 cm soil layer, with the peak in 20-40 cm soil layer. Straw mulching or plastic film with straw mulch in summer fallow period could effectively increase the Oslen-P and available K contents in 0-40 cm soil layer, and the accumulative increment in three summer fallow periods was 16-45% and 36-49%, respectively. Among the three modes, the binary coverage mode of RFFP plus furrow straw mulching had the best effect in maintaining soil water and fertility. The accumulative water storage and mineral N in 0-200 cm soil layer in three summer fallow periods were up to 215 mm and 90 kg·hm-2, and the accumulative Oslen-P and available K contents in plough layer were increased by 2.7 mg·kg-1 and 83 mg·kg-1, respectively, being significantly higher than those in treatments CF and RF. There were no significant differences in the change characteristics in the soil moisture and nutrients between treatments CF and RF.

关 键 词：晋南旱地 夏闲期 土壤水分 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学] S512[农业科学—农业基础科学]