新疆4500kg/hm^2超高产棉田光合特性与冠层研究  

Photosynthesis Characteristics and Canopy Structure of Super High-yield Cotton(4 500 kg/hm^2) in Xinjiang

作　　者：郑巨云[1] 王俊铎[1] 艾先涛[1] 梁亚军[1] 多力坤[1] 吐尔逊江[1] 莫明[1] 李雪源[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2013年第5期794-802,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技计划项目(200920104);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2011211B43)

摘　　要：【目的】研究超高产棉田的光合生理特性及冠层结构,提出超高产光合生理指标,为新疆棉花的超高产栽培提供理论支持。【方法】以陆地棉品系10-108-3为研究对象,以陆地棉品系华棉1号(3 000 kg/hm2)、杂交种07-16(3 300 kg/hm2)高产棉田为对照,对比研究分析蕾期、花期、花铃期等主要生育期超高产棉田的叶面积指数、单叶净光合速率、群体光合速率、呼吸速率、叶绿素含量、平均叶倾角、光合物质积累与分配的变化情况。【结果】与华棉1号、07-16高产棉田相比,10-108-3单叶光合速率在花期、花铃期高于对照,花铃期后光合速率下降趋势较平缓,群体光合速率峰值高于对照,叶面积指数较高且持续期长,主要生育期平均叶倾角明显高于对照,叶绿素SPAD值较高,初絮期仍能保持较高的叶绿素含量;群体呼吸速率占总光合的比例在中后期低于对照,超高产棉田干物质积累速度快、积累量大、后期积累速度下降缓慢。【结论】新疆4 500 kg/hm2超高产棉田光合特性与冠层各项指标皆优于高产棉田,干物质积累多,且分配合理。[ Objective ] To explore photosynthesis characteristics and canopy structure, propose photosynthetic physiological indexes in the hope of providing theoretical support for super - high - yield cultivation technique system. [ Method] In this research, one super high - yield line 10 - 108 - 3 was selected as the experimental material, the high - yield hybrid cotton line 07 - 16 and Huamian 1 were chosen as CK. Leaf area index, photosynthetic rate, canopy photosynthetic rate, canopy respiration, chlorophyll SPAD value, mean foliage inclination angle, photosynthate accumulation and distribution were measured at different growth stages. [ Result] The results showed that compared with high yield hybrid line （07 -16） and traditional line （ Huamian 1 ）, super - high - yield line 10 - 108 - 3 had higher photosynthetic rate, canopy photosynthetic rate, leaf area index, main foliage inclination angle and chlorophyll SPAD value, all of which had longer duration during the whole growth stage. Furthermore, the ratio of canopy respiration rate of this super high - yield line 10 - 108 - 3 maintained at a low level at the middle and late growth stage in the total canopy apparent photosynthesis rate. It had longer and earlier linear increase stage of vegetative organs photosynthate accumulation and the later stage accumulation declined slowly. [ Conclusion ] The photosynthesis characteristics and canopy structure indexes of the super - high - yield cuhivar （4 500 kg/hm^2 ） are superior to high - yield eultivar （ lint 3 000 kg/hm^2 ）. This cultivar accumulates more dry matter with much more reasonable coordination and distribution.

关 键 词：棉花 超高产 光合特性 冠层 新疆 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S504.8