雅鲁河底栖动物群落结构及生物多样性  

Community Structures and Biodiversity of Macrozoobenthos in Yalu River

作　　者：霍堂斌[1,2] 徐伟[3] 吴计生[4] 姜作发[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所农业部黑龙江流域渔业资源与环境重点野外科学观测试验站,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [2]东北林业大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [3]东北农业大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [4]松辽水环境科学研究所,吉林长春130021

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2013年第3期38-42,共5页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：环境保护部生物多样性调查(环)11-16;松辽流域河湖健评估(1261220517001)

摘　　要：2012年5、8月,对雅鲁河底栖动物群落结构进行了调查研究。调查期间共采集底栖动物12目21科38种,其中水生昆虫22种,分属5目10科,占总数58.90%。雅鲁河底栖动物平均密度为161.38 ind·m-2,生物量为5.32 g·m-2,夏季平均密度和生物量高于春季。在各功能摄食生态类群中,刮食者最多,为14种,收集者10种,撕食者8种,捕食者6种。底栖动物优势种仅金线蛭Whitmania sp.1种;常见种有Ephemerella rusa、Dipteromimus tipuliformis、平滑多足摇蚊Cricotopus vierriensis、蚋Simulium、黑龙江短沟蜷Semisulcospira a-murensis和湖斜顶螺Acroloxus lacustris等6种。Shannon-Weiner指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson指数等3种多样性指表明:夏季底栖动物多样性高于春季。采用BI和Shannon-Weiner生物指数对雅鲁河水质进行评价,调查期间雅鲁河水质处于一般以上水平,夏季水质状况好于春季。The community structures of macrozoobenthos were investigated in the Yalu River during May and August in 2012.A total of 38 species of macrozoobenthos were collected,belonging to 12 orders and 21 families,among which aquatic insects were the predominant,with 22 species（58.90% of the total number）belonging to 10 families and 5 orders.The average density and biomass of macrozoobenthos in Yalu River were 161.38 ind.m-2 and 5.32 g.m-2,respectively.The average density and biomass were higher in summer than that of in spring.The maximum was found to be the scrapers with 14 species in all functional feeding groups,followed by 10 collectors,8 shredders and 6 predators.The prevalent macrozoobenthos species was Whitmania sp.,and the frequent species were Ephemerella rusa,Dipteromimus tipuliformis,Cricotopus vierriensis,Simulium,Semisulcospira amurensis and Acroloxus lacustris in Yalu River.Shannon-Wiener index,Pielou evenness index and Simpson diversity index of macrozoobenthos were higher in summer than those in autumn.The assessment of water quality by Shannon-Weiner index and biotic index（BI）revealed that the water quality was above average in Yalu River,t in summer better than in spring.

关 键 词：雅鲁河 底栖动物 群落结构 水质评价 

分 类 号：S932.8[农业科学—渔业资源]