干旱半干旱地区成龄核桃灌水方式优选  

Optimization of Irrigation Methods for Grown Walnut in Arid and Semi-arid Regions

作　　者：李和兵 穆振侠[2] 洪明[2] 郑冰[3] 

机构地区：[1]新疆伊犁州水利电力勘测设计研究院,新疆伊宁835000 [2]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区水利厅,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2013年第6期36-39,42,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑项目(2011Bad29B05);新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项(201130103-1);新疆水文学及水资源重点学科基金资助(xjsxszydxk20101202)

摘　　要：为克服干旱半干旱地区水资源短缺的弊端,更好的服务高效节水农业,推动新疆及其他区域特色林果业的可持续发展,本研究以成龄核桃为研究对象,通过对不同灌水方式下成龄核桃用水量、产量、品质等指标对比,优选灌水方式,达到节水、节肥、高产和高效的目的。从不同灌水方式下水分分布规律可以看出,滴灌与低压软管灌的灌水方式较优,灌后水分主要分布在利用果树吸收的毛根区;从生理指标的角度可以看出,不同灌水方式下核桃叶温、地表温度、气温和相对湿度变化情况与叶水势和细胞液浓度变化规律相近,不能区分灌水方式的优劣;从灌水量与产量角度可以看出,滴灌全生育期灌水量最低,产量最高;相对于漫灌,滴灌节水54.3%,增产7.1%;沟灌节水35.0%,增产8.4%;低压软管灌节水54.3%,增产4.5%,对于成龄核桃以滴灌灌水方式最优。In order to overcome the shortage of water resources in the arid and seml-arlO region, ann high-efficiency water peLter servehi saving agriculture to promote the sustainable development of characteristics horticulture in Xinjiang and other regional, the walnut is choose as the research object in this study and the irrigation mode is optimized through the contrast study on water consumption, output, quality and other indexes of grown walnuts under different irrigation modes, to achieve the purpose of water-saving, fertiliz- er-saving, high yield and high efficiency. From the moisture distribution under different irrigation mode, it can be seen that the methods of drip irrigation and pipe irrigation are relatively better and the moisture mainly distributes in the hair root zone suitable ~or fruit trees to absorb after irrigation. From the point of physiological indexes, it can be seen that the change situations of walnut leaf temperature, surface temperature, air temperature, relative humidity, leaf water potential and cell SAP concentration are similar un der different irrigation mode. So it cannot be founded that which mode is better through the change of physiological indexes. From the point of irrigation water amount and yield, it can be seen that under drip irrigation, the irrigation water amount is the lowest while the yield is the highest in the whole growth period, compared with the flooding irrigation, the drip irrigation can save water by 54. 3% and increase tt^e yield by 7.1~ ~ the furrow irrigation can save water by 35.0~//~ and increase the yield by 8. 4~ ; the pipe irri- gation can save water by 54.3~ and increase the yield by 4.5 %. So it can be found that drip irrigation is the optimal irrigation mode for grown walnut.

关 键 词：核桃 灌水方式 优选 节水 增产 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]