发酵菌剂接种量对堆肥理化性质和有关酶活的影响  

Effect of Doses of Fermentation Inoculum on Physico -Chemical Properties and Related Enzymic Activities During the Composting Process

作　　者：胡红伟[1] 李吕木[1,2] 钱坤 徐年军 朱宏斌[4] 蒋光月[4] 李帆[4] 许发芝[1] 丁小玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学生命科学学院,合肥230036 [2]安徽省畜牧生物工程技术研究中心,合肥230031 [3]安徽太阳现代农业股份有限公司,安徽宁国242300 [4]安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,合肥230031

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2013年第6期1261-1270,共10页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2012BAD14B13)

摘　　要：以鸭场垫料(鸭粪和稻壳混合物)和孵化场及屠宰场废弃有机物为原料进行堆肥试验,采用单因素4水平3重复设计,研究由耐热芽孢杆菌和沙雷氏菌组成的微生物菌剂不同接种剂量(0%、0.35%、0.40%、0.45%)对堆肥过程中温度、含水率、C/N等物理、化学指标和脲酶、过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶、蛋白酶和纤维素酶等酶活性变化的影响,来确定微生物菌剂适宜添加量。结果表明,接种微生物菌剂能迅速提高堆体温度,高温维持时间长,达到堆肥无害化的卫生标准。堆肥结束时,接菌各组C/N都显著低于对照组(P<0.05),种子发芽指数、全氮、全磷、全钾及速效氮、磷、钾都显著高于对照组(P<0.05),接菌各组间各元素含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。除纤维素酶外,脲酶、过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶和蛋白酶活性在整个堆肥过程中都显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而接菌各组间酶活性差异不显著(P>0.05),接菌处理各酶活与理化指标呈现较好的相关性,说明接种外源微生物菌剂能加快堆料有机物的分解,缩短堆肥反应进程。综合判断,在本试验中接种剂量为0.35%较为合适。In the research, the duck farm cushion and organic waste of duck hatching plant and slaughter and processing plant were used as compost materials, single factor 4 levels 3 repeat design was carried out.Effects of adding different doses（0%, 0.35%, 0.40%, 0.45% ） of mi-croorganism agent（consisted of Bacillus and Serratia） on compost physicochemical indexes including temperature, moisture content, C/N, germination index, total N, total P, total K, available N, available P, available K, and the enzymic activities including urease, cellulase, dehy-drogenase, catalase and protase were researched, to determine suitable addition amount of microorganism agent. The results showed that, adding microorganism agent treatment had faster temperature rising, higher temperature and longer high temperature duration than control. At the end of composting, C/N of those with adding microorganism agent were significantly lower than control（P〈0.05）, germination index, total N, total P, total K, available N, available P, available K were significantly higher than control（P〈0.05 ）. Urease, dehydrogenase, cata- lase and protase activities were significantly higher than control（P〈0.05 ）, however, those with adding microorganism agent were not signifi-cantly higher than control（P〉0.05 ）. Enzyme activity of experiment treatment and the physicochemical index shows a good correlation. In conclusion, adding 0.35% microorganism agent was optimum for composting in this research.

关 键 词：鸭场垫料 堆肥 菌剂 酶活 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]