陡槽高速泄流掺气减蚀试验研究  

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF AIR ENTRAINMENT TO ALLEVIATE CAVITATIONS FOR CHUTE WITH HIGH-SPEED DISCHARGE

作　　者：张陆陈[1] 骆少泽[1] 王新[1] 

机构地区：[1]水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室南京水利科学研究院,南京210029

出　　处：《工程力学》2013年第B06期329-332,337,共5页Engineering Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51109143);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK2011109)

摘　　要：陡槽高速泄流可能产生的空蚀破坏是目前大型水电站十分关注的问题之一,本文通过1∶40整体水工模型试验,研究了陡槽的底掺气与侧掺气的掺气减蚀规律。结果表明,底空腔长度与单宽泄量呈抛物关系,拐点的临界单宽泄量取决于底挑坎水流的出射角;通气孔通气量与单宽泄量间存在二次函数关系,水体掺气率系数并不是常数,随水流紊动增大而减小;设侧掺气坎使水体掺气浓度显著增加,不仅保护了泄槽侧壁,也加强了底板的保护。By 1 ： 40 integral hydraulic model tests, the law of air entrainment to alleviate cavitation for a base aerator and a lateral aerator of a chute is studied. The results show that the length of bottom cavity is parabolic with the discharge per unit width, and the critical discharge depends on the emergence angle. The ventilation volume of a vent is quadratic with the discharge per unit width; the aeration rate coefficient is not a constant, decreasing with the increase of flow turbulence. The air concentration increases significantly with the lateral aerator, protecting the sidewall of the chute, and the soleplate as well.

关 键 词：水利水电工程 陡槽 模型试验 掺气减蚀 空腔长度 通气量 掺气浓度 

分 类 号：TV6[水利工程—水利水电工程]