欧盟对外制裁制度的法律解析——从《罗马条约》到《里斯本条约》  

A Legal Analysis of the Sanctions Regime of the European Union-from the Treaty of Rome to the Treaty of Lisbon

作　　者：顾婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院

出　　处：《欧洲研究》2013年第3期85-98,7,共14页Chinese Journal of European Studies

基　　金：2012年国家社科基金青年项目"外国公法在国际私法中的运用研究"的阶段性成果;项目批准号12CFX107

摘　　要：通过对基础条约的扩大解释以及在修改条约时增设授权条款等方式,欧盟逐步取代其成员国成为对外发起制裁的主体,制裁作为一项消极措施目前已成为欧盟外交不可或缺的政策工具。鉴于条约对欧盟的明确授权,欧盟成员国已无权在联盟框架以外分散实施制裁,除非在联盟层面无法达成政治共识。在制裁制度转向"聪明制裁"之后,《里斯本条约》关于司法审查的新规定加强了对受制裁影响的个人基本权利的保护。同时,欧洲法院在Kadi案判决中亦强调,欧盟的制裁行动包括执行安理会决议的制裁都必须遵守保护基本人权等以欧盟价值观为基础的欧盟一般法律原则,这表明欧盟的对外制裁不仅需要体现欧盟身份和欧盟立场,而且还必须彰显欧盟的基本价值观。By interpreting the founding Treaties expansively and introducing conferral provisions into the Treaties,the EU has gradually taken the place of the member states as an international actor imposing sanctions.As a negative measure,sanctions have already assumed the role of an indispensable instrument for EU foreign policy.Due to the empowerment by the founding Treaties,the EU member states can no longer initiate sanctions unilaterally,unless no political consensus has been reached on the EU level.After the Treaty of Lisbon took effect,the EU has enhanced its protection of the fundamental rights of the individuals affected by the EU's sanctions.In addition,the ECJ's judgments have illustrated that the EU's sanctions regimes will not only bear the EU's identity and standpoint,but reflect its fundamental values.

关 键 词：欧盟制裁 法律依据 权限划分 司法审查 

分 类 号：D95[政治法律—法学]