北京市某城市污水处理厂微生物气溶胶污染特性研究  

Research on the pollution characteristics of microbial aerosol in municipal wastewater treatment plant in Beijing

作　　者：刘建伟[1,2] 周竞男[1,2] 马文林[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京建筑工程学院环境工程系,北京100044 [2]北京建筑工程学院北京应对气候变化研究和人才培养基地,北京100044

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2013年第6期1-4,31,共5页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.50908009);北京市教育委员会科技计划项目(No.KM201210016003)

摘　　要：以北京市某城市污水处理厂的格栅间、曝气池、污泥浓缩池和污泥脱水间为对象,研究不同功能区的空气微生物浓度、粒径分布及微生物组成。结果表明:(1)该污水处理厂4个功能区空气异养细菌浓度平均值为3.3×104 cfu/m3,范围为1.0×102～4.3×105 cfu/m3;真菌浓度平均值为6.1×103 cfu/m3,范围为7.5×10～7.6×104 cfu/m3。异养细菌和真菌浓度存在显著性差异,尤以曝气池上空最高,其次是污泥脱水间,浓度最低的区域为格栅间和污泥浓缩池。各功能区均存在不同程度的异养细菌和真菌污染。(2)该污水处理厂不同功能区逸散出的异养细菌分布比例最高的为第2～5级,真菌主要分布在第3～5级。4个功能区空气中粒径为2.10～4.70μm(第3、4级)的异养细菌和真菌粒子分别占到了总数的37%～40%和46%～56%,而粒径为0.65～2.10μm(第5、6级)的异养细菌和真菌粒子则分别占到了总数的30%～33%和31%～37%,说明该污水处理厂不同功能区内的空气微生物存在一定的健康风险,可能对人呼吸道构成感染威胁。(3)假单孢菌(Pseudomonas)为该污水处理厂不同功能区均检出的优势异养细菌,而优势真菌种属为毛霉(Mucor)和曲霉(Aspergillus)。The rack chamber,aeration tank, sludge thickening tank and sludge dewatering facility in certain wastewater treatment plant in Beijing were chosen as research object to study the pollution characteristics of microbial aerosol in the air of wastewater treatment plant. The concentration, distribution and community structure characteristics of airborne microorgan- isms in different function area was studied. Results showed that：（1） the concentrations of heterotrophie bacteria in the four different units were in the range of 1.0 × 102-4. 3 × 105 cfu/m3 , with an average of 3.3 × 104 cfu/m3. And the concentrations of fungi in the four different units were in the range of 7.5 × 10-7.6 × 104 cfu/m3 ,with an average of 6.1 × 103 cfu/m3. Obvi- ously, the concentrations of heterotrophic bacteria and fungi were completely different in four different units. In which, the aer- ation tank unit had the highest concentration of heterotrophic bacteria and fungi, followed by the sludge dewatering facility unit and the rack chamber unit, and the lowest was in sludge thickening tank unit. Each functional area has different degrees of pollution by heterotrophic bacteria and fungi. （2） The highest proportion of the size distribution for heterotrophic bacteria in different function areas were mainly in stage 2 to stage 5 ,and for fungi was in stage 3 to stage 5. It was noteworthy that 37%- 40 % of heterotrophic bacteria and 46 %-56 % of fungi were carried by particle with a diameter size 2.10-4.70μm （in stage 3 and stage 4）. While, 30 %-33 % of heterotrophic bacteria and 31%-37 % of fungi were carried by particle with a diameter size 0. 65-2.10 μm （in stage 5 and stage 6）. It demonstrated that the airborne microorganisms in different units had a potential risk to human health and may constitute a threat to the human respiratory systerr~ （3） The predominant heterotrophic bacteria genera in different units were composed of Pseudomonas, while Mucor and Aspergillus were the predominant fungi.

关 键 词：城市污水处理厂微生物气溶胶异养细菌 真菌 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]