水力发电技术的生命周期评价  

Life cycle assessment of hydropower technology

作　　者：胡志锋[1] 马晓茜[1] 李双双[1] 廖艳芬[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学电力学院,广东广州510640

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2013年第6期93-97,共5页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：华南理工大学能源高效清洁利用广东普通高校重点实验室项目(No.KLB10004)

摘　　要：以广东省内某一小型水电站为研究对象,对其进行了较系统的生命周期评价。通过目标和范围的确定,对水电站的各子过程进行了生命周期清单分析及环境影响潜值计算。分析表明,该水电站的总能耗为2.02g/(kW.h),其中煤占主要部分,占93.92%;该水电站排放的污染物中,CO2占绝大部分(96.70%),其次是粉尘(2.75%);水电站的建设耗材生产子过程的能耗以及污染物排放量最大,该过程的能耗占总能耗的97.00%,污染物排放量占总排放量的94.41%;与常规燃煤电厂相比,每发电10 000kW.h,该水电站可节约标煤3.98t,减少排放CO29.964 8t、SOX79.927kg、NOX49.92kg、粉尘499kg,水力发电具有非常显著的节能和环保效应;该水电站每发电1kW.h的总环境影响潜值为4.31×10-6人当量,其中粉尘是最主要的环境影响因素,这是由于水泥、钢材等建设耗材在制造生产过程中产生了大量的粉尘。A hydropower plant in Guangdong Province has beeri studied systematically with the method of life cycle assessment （LCA）. After confirming the assessment goal and scope,the author analyzed the life cycle inventory of the hydropower plant sub-procedure and calculated the potential value of environmental impact. The result showed that the total energy consumption was 2.02 g/（kW ~ h） ;coal was the maximal part of the total energy consumption with the contribution rate of 93.92~. The major pollutant discharged from hydropower plant was COz （96.70%）, which was followed by dust （2.75 %）. Among the sub-procedure of hydropower plant, construction materials supply showed the largest energy consumption and pollutant emissions,97.00% of total energy consumption and 94.41 % of total pollutant emission was produced in this process. Compared with the conventional coal-fired power plant,this hy- dropower plant could save 3.98 t standard coal per 10 000 kW · h of electricity power generation, simultaneously re- duced emissions of CO2 9. 964 8 t,SOx 79. 927 kg,NOx 49.92 kg and dust 499 kg. So we could see the very significant effect of hydropower plant in energy conservation and environment protection. The total potential environmental im- pact of per kilowatt-hour generation of hydropower plant was 4.31 × 10-6 personal equivalent;dust was the most im- portant environmental impact factors,mainly due to the pollutant emissions of the construction materials manufactur- ing process.

关 键 词：水力发电 清单分析生命周期评价环境影响 

分 类 号：TV752[水利工程—水利水电工程]