信念与心理博弈：理论、实证与应用  

Belief and Psychological Games: Theory,Evidence and Applications

作　　者：姜树广[1] 韦倩[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学经济研究院 [2]清华大学社科学院

出　　处：《经济研究》2013年第6期141-154,共14页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目(12BJL014);教育部人文社科青年基金项目(10YJC790270);山东大学自主创新基金青年团队项目(IFYT12096)的资助

摘　　要：对物质财富的追求并非人类的全部动机,人们的日常决策行为还受到道德、情感情绪、社会规范等左右而偏离物质收益最大化的目标。以信念依赖动机为基础的心理博弈论开辟了情感情绪决策研究的热潮。在心理博弈中,参与者的效用不仅依赖于最终的物质支付,还取决于参与者所持信念引发的心理状态。本文对以信念依赖动机为核心的研究进行了系统的述评。在简要梳理信念及心理博弈论基本理论框架的基础上,对基于意图的互惠、失望与内疚厌恶、自我形象与社会形象,以及焦虑和源自预想的效用等信念依赖的基本人类行为动机进行了总结评价,并梳理了相关实验与神经科学的证据。预期信念与心理博弈研究的深入将对情感情绪决策、信任问题、制度研究、非市场决策行为,以及多学科融合产生重要影响。Humans can be motivated not only by material （monetary） payoffs but also by morals, feelings, emotions or social norms in their daily decision-makings, thus exhibit deviations from the material self-interested maximizing behaviors. Psychological game theory, based on belief-dependent motivations, has led to research fervor on emotional decision- makings. In Psychological games, players＇ utilities depend not only on the terminal material payoffs, but also directly depend on their psychological state triggered by their beliefs. This paper systematically reviews researches focused on belief- dependent motivations. After briefly presenting the fundamental framework of belief and psychological game theory, this paper summarizes and evaluates belief-dependent essential human motivations such as intention-based reciprocity, disappointment and guilt aversion, self-image and social image, anxiety and utility from anticipation, etc. We also discuss the main experimental and neuroscience evidences related to this topic. It is expected that as the research of belief and psychological games moves along, researches on emotional decision-makings, trust, institution, and non-market decisions will be greatly influenced, as well as the issue of multi-disciplinary unification.

关 键 词：信念依赖动机 心理博弈论 情感情绪 信念引出实验 

分 类 号：C912.6[经济管理]