不同水氮调控措施对旱地冬小麦产量形成及酶活性的影响  

Effects of Different Water and Nitrogen Control Schemes on Yield of Winter Wheat and Soil Enzyme Activity in Dryland

作　　者：谢英荷[1] 李廷亮[1] 洪坚平[1] 刘丽萍[1] 冯倩[1] 庞娇[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,太谷030801

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2013年第3期399-403,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家小麦现代产业技术体系建设专项经费;国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201303104);山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(201231)资助~~

摘　　要：通过2年大田试验,研究了不同水氮调控措施对旱地冬小麦产量形成及生育期土壤酶活性的影响,旨在为我国旱作小麦高产及水肥高效管理提供科学依据.结果表明:旱地麦田土壤脲酶活性从返青期起随生育期进程呈先升后降的变化趋势,以拔节期活性最高;过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性从返青期到成熟期呈逐渐增加趋势,至灌浆期或成熟期最高.3种土壤酶活性均为各施氮处理显著高于不施氮的对照处理,但土壤脲酶活性在一定氮素范围内(0-195 kg/hm2)随施氮水平的提高和施氮次数(追肥)的增加在逐渐提高,而过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性在不同施氮量之间则差异不明显.通过垄膜沟播种植可以显著提高旱地土壤3种酶活性,同时也可以提高小麦最大分蘖数和成穗数,产量比相同施肥量可提高13%左右,是提高旱地冬小麦产量的重要措施.A two-year field experiment located in rain-fed growing areas in Xiangfen County, Shanxi Province, was conducted to study the effects of different water and nitrogen control schemes on the yield formation of winter wheat and soil enzyme activity during the growth period in dryland. The aim of this project was to provide a scientific basis for high yield of rain-fed wheat and efficient management of water and fertilizer in China. The results showed that the urease activity had the tendency of ascending first and descending later with the progress of growth period since revival stage, with the maximum in the jointing stage in dryland. The catalase and alkaline phosphatase activity gradually increased from revival stage 1o maturity stage, with the maximum occurring in the grain filling stage or maturity. The activity of all the three soil enzymes of the N treatments were significantly higher than that of the control treatment without N application. In a certain N range （0-195 kg/hm2）, the soil urease activity was higher with higher N level and more times of N application. The catalase and alkaline phosphatase activity for different amount of nitrogen were not significantly different. The activity of the three soil enzymes was significantly increased by ridge filming-furrow sowing cultivation in dryland, which also improved the maximum tillering number and spike number, with the yield 13% higher than that of the same N application treatment. Therefore, ridge filming-furrow sowing cultivation was an important scheme to improve the yield ofdryland winter wheat. Fig 3, Tab 3, Ref22

关 键 词：水氮调控措施 旱地小麦 产量 土壤酶活性 垄膜沟播种植 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]