玉米一新病害中首次大量发现细嫩粉孢菌  

The First Report of Oidium tenellum on a New Disease of Maize

作　　者：韦建福[1] 张世光[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报》2000年第3期200-204,共5页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University

摘　　要：1999年夏季 ,在云南省元谋县大面积爆发一种严重的玉米新病害 ,发病面积约 1 0 0 0hm2 。典型症状表现为植株矮化 ,节间短缩 ,叶片密集簇生 ,叶片上有黄绿色或黄白色条点状病斑。叶鞘上有坏死或腐烂病斑 ,幼穗腐烂 ,不实 ,严重者绝产 ,颗粒无收。从坏死或腐烂的叶鞘和果穗上可观察到大量的大、小型分生孢子和典型的狼牙棒状分生孢子梗 ,鉴定为细嫩粉孢菌〔Oidiumtenellum (Berk .&Curt.)Lind .〕(syn .RhinotrichumtenellumBerk .&Curt .andRhinotrichumcucumerinumBerk .&Curt.)。该菌在PDA培养基上生长良好 ,菌丝有分隔 ,可形成疏丝组织 ,能产生大量的大、小型分生孢子和典型的狼牙棒状分生孢子梗。这是国内细嫩粉孢菌的首次报道。During the growing season of 1999, about 1000 hectare of maize in Yuanmou County of Yunnan province, China, ware infected with a serious disease which cause significant yield losses and in many cases almost no yield. The typical symptoms are different from that of the known diseases of maize. Infected maize plants are stunted, with narrow uprigh leaves that frequently chlorotic striping. Some leaf sheaths show necrotic spots, and some ears rot in the early stage and even in late stage. In most cases, there are no eras and no harvest at all. Many planters had to give up their maize. Numerous microconidia and macroconidia and characteristic conidiophores of Oidium tenellum ( Berk. & Curt.) Lind.(syn. Rhinotrichum tenellum Berk. & Curt. and Rhinotrichum cucumerinum Berk. & Curt.)were observed in necrotic leaf sheaths and rotted ears. The fungi can grow well in PDA, many septum hypha can form a prosenchyma, and numerous microconidia and macroconidia and characteristic conidiophores can be observed on PDA. This is the first report of Oidium tenellum in China.

关 键 词：玉米 病害 细嫩粉孢菌 高梁迪氏霜霉菌 症状 

分 类 号：S435.131[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]