‘砀山酥梨’花柱可授性及蜜蜂授粉特性的研究  

Study on Physiological Activity and Pollination Characteristic of Stigma and Pollen of'Dangshan suli'

作　　者：郭媛[1,2] 邵有全 马卫华 申晋山 郭宝贝 武文卿 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学研究院园艺研究所,太原030031 [2]山西大学生命科学学院,太原030006

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2013年第16期110-114,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项"蜜蜂授粉增产技术集成与示范"(201203080);国家农业产业技术体系专项资金"现代农业产业技术体系(蜜蜂)建设"(CARS-45-KXJ5);山西省科技攻关项目"梨树蜜蜂授粉技术研究"(20120311017-6)

摘　　要：采用半离体培养法和联苯胺-过氧化氢法研究了‘砀山酥梨’花粉萌发特性和柱头可授性。通过对‘酥梨’的最适授粉时间以及7种授粉处理坐果率的研究,探讨其授粉特性。结果表明:开花后每天酥梨柱头活性最佳的时间是11时至15时,柱头最佳授粉时间为开花后第4～5天;‘酥梨’花粉最适萌发温度为25℃,花粉管生长最有利的温度为22～25℃,在相同温度下,花粉萌发率和花粉管长度随时间增加而增加。7种授粉处理‘酥梨’的花朵坐果率中,没有昆虫授粉的‘酥梨’坐果率为0.48%和0.44%,自然授粉和人工授粉坐果率分别为2.83%和13.05%,‘酥梨’ב雪花梨’组蜜蜂授粉的坐果率为32.95%,新鲜花粉和商品花粉坐果率分别为70.2%和13.05%。由此可见,‘酥梨’是异花虫媒果树,蜜蜂可以在‘酥梨’柱头活性最高时进行授粉,从而提高‘酥梨’的坐果率,同时通过对‘酥梨’花器官生理活性和坐果习性的研究,为‘酥梨’的授粉和生产提供基础资料。Using the semi-vitro culture and benzidine-H202 methods to study the pollen germination characteristic and stigma receptivity of ＇ Dangshan suli＇, through the research of optimal period of pollination and the fruit set percentage of seven pollination treatments to study pollination characteristic of pear. results showed that： the optimal time of stigma activity was at 11：00- The 15：00 in each day after flowering, the optimal period of pollination of the stigma was the 4＇h to 5th day after flowering. The optimal temperatures of pollen germination and growth of pollen tube were 25℃ and 22-25℃ respectively, the percentage of pollen germination and the length of pollen tube would be increased as time increase at the same temperature. Fruit set percentage of flowers of seven pollination treatments, the fruit set percentage without insects＇ pollinating was 0.48%-0.44%, fruit set percentage with natural pollination and artificial pollination were 2.83% and 13.05% respectively, fruit-set percentage with bees＇ pollination for treatment of ＇Dangshan suli＇ versus ＇Xuehuali＇ was 32.95%, and fruit set percentage of the fresh pollen and commodity pollen was 70.2% and 13.05% respectively. It was showed that ＇Dangshan suli＇ was entomophilous and cross-pollinating fruit tree, and bees could pollinate for ＇ Dangshan suli＇ to improve the fruit set percentage of it when the stigma activity was in the highest period. Through the research of physiological activity of floral organ and fruit set habit, italso could provide the basic information of pollination and production for ＇ Dangshan suli＇.

关 键 词：'砀山酥梨’ 柱头活性 花粉活性 授粉处理 坐果率 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]