赣湘鄂三省荷花授粉现状调查报告  被引量:4

Present Situation Investigation of Pollination for Asian Sacred Lotus in Jiangxi Province,Hunan Province and Hubei Province

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作  者:张旭凤[1] 颜志立 邵有全[1] 

机构地区:[1]山西省农业科学院园艺研究所,太原030031 [2]湖北省武汉综合试验站,武汉430070

出  处:《中国农学通报》2013年第16期186-191,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基  金:国家蜂产业技术体系专项资金"现代农业产业技术体系(蜜蜂)建设"(CARS-45-KXJ5);国家公益性行业(农业)专项"蜜蜂授粉增产技术集成与示范"(201203080)

摘  要:为掌握赣湘鄂三省荷花(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)授粉现状,2012年7月5—11日在江西、湖南、湖北三省对采收荷花粉蜂农以及当地荷花种植户进行了采访调查,针对蜂农放蜂和蜂群管理方式,蜂农和荷花种植户收益,蜜蜂为荷花授粉的必要性开展调查,同时在三省进行了荷花野生传粉昆虫数量和种类的资源调查。调查表明:三省荷花野生传粉昆虫种类和数量均较匮乏,经鉴定,荷花野生传粉昆虫主要为膜翅目昆虫,包括中华木蜂(Xylocopa sinensis Smith)、紫木蜂(Xylocopa valga Gestaecker)、黄胸木蜂(Xylocopa appendiculata Smith)、铜色隧蜂(Halictus aerarius Smith)、尖肩隧蜂(Halictus subopacus Smith)等,莲籽高产增收必须依靠蜜蜂授粉才能实现,蜜蜂授粉更有利于蜂农和荷花种植户获得更高收益;蜜蜂采集荷花粉的最佳时间为5:00—8:00,温度和风力是影响蜜蜂采集荷花的主要因素;荷花花粉价格波动受自然灾害、销售渠道和供求关系的影响;养蜂蜂农年龄结构呈现老龄化趋势。In order to realize present situation of Asian sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) in Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei Provinces, beekeepers who collected lotus pollen and lotus growers were interviewed with following aspects on July 5-11, 2012: ways of beekeeping and managing bees, income of beekeepers and lotus growers, necessity of bee pollination for lotus, meanwhile numbers and species of wild pollinators for lotus among three provinces were investigated. Results indicated that, there were fewer numbers and species of wild pollinators for lotus in three provinces, main wild pollinators were Hymenoptera insects as follows: Xylocopa sinensis Smith, Xylocopa valga Gestaecker, Xylocopa appendiculata Smith, Halictus aerarius Smith, Halictus subopacus Smith and so on, so high yield of lotus seed should be depended on bee pollination, bee pollination was more conducive to beekeepers and lotus growers to obtain higher yields. The best time of bee collecting lotus pollen was 5:00-8:00; temperature and wind-force were the main factors which affect the bee collection lotus. The price fluctuation of lotus pollen was influenced by natural disaster, marketing channel and supply-demand relationship. Beekeepers' age structure presented aging trend.

关 键 词:荷花 蜜蜂授粉 野生传粉昆虫 膜翅目 现状 

分 类 号:S897.3[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]

 

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