山杏优良无性系开花及授粉生物学特性研究  

The biological characteristics of flowering and pollination in Prunus sibirica superior clones

作　　者：梁海霞[1] 刘明国[1] 于洋[1] 吴月亮[1] 董胜君[1] 丁士富 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学林学院,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]北票市林木良种繁育中心,辽宁北票122500

出　　处：《辽宁林业科技》2013年第3期3-5,共3页Liaoning Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项(201004034);中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目([2010]02)

摘　　要：笔者对北票市山杏种质资源圃中的8年生46个山杏优良无性系开花及授粉生物学特性进行观测,结果表明:普通山杏在4月17日进入始花期,94号无性系4月25日进入始花期,开花最晚;参试的山杏无性系花期6～9 d,其中1个无性系花期9 d,9个无性系花期8 d;山杏无性系自然授粉坐果率较高,参试无性系中自然授粉坐果率<5.0%的占17.4%,坐果率5%～9.9%的占15.2%,坐果率≥10%的占67.4%;17个无性系自交授粉的坐果率≥0,但仅1个达到自交亲和标准。风媒传粉坐果率较低,坐果率<5.0%的无性系占参试无性系总数的58.7%,可见山杏主要靠虫媒传粉,风是其授粉传播媒介之一。This study was conducted in an 8-year-old Prunus sibirica germplasm resources garden in Beipiao city, Liaoning province. Flowering period and pollination methods were observed by investigating 46 superior clones of Prunus sibirica. The results indicated that：（1）the initial flowering stage of the common apricot is April 17th; No. 94 clone blossomed latest and its initial flowering stage is April 25th. The flowering period of all the clones lasted 6 to 9 days. Among the 46 clones, one colne＇ s flowering period was 9 days, and 9 clones＇ flowering period was 8 days;（2） the test of different pollination methods indicated that the setting rate of natural pollina- tion was higher, the number of clones with rates of fi＇uit setting〈5.0% accounted for 17.4%, with rates of fi＇uit setting among 5% 9.9% accounted for 15.2%, and with rates ≥ 10% accounted for 67.4%; the setting rate of self-pollination in 17 clones was higner than 0, but only one of them had reached the Audergon＇ s standard of selfing affinity. The setting rate of wind-pollination was lower, the number of clones with rates of fruit setting〈5.0% accotmted for 58.7%. Prunus sibrica mainly relied on insect pollination and wind was an important pollination media for Prunus sibrica.

关 键 词：山杏 无性系 花期 授粉 

分 类 号：S722.34[农业科学—林木遗传育种]