乒乓球运动员发球动作识别时的神经效率——来自EEG的证据  

“Neural Efficiency”of Table Tennis Players during Action Recognition:A High-resolution EEG Study

作　　者：王丽岩[1,2] 李安民[1] 顾楠[1] 赵思[1] 王洪彪[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院,上海200438 [2]吉林大学体育学院 [3]沈阳体育学院

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2013年第5期430-436,共7页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：教育部博士点基金项目(20113156110002);上海市大文科学术新人培育计划(xsxr2012030)

摘　　要：目的：探讨乒乓球运动员识别发球动作时具有大脑皮层活动减少的特征。方法：采用64导脑电测试系统记录18名乒乓球运动员和18名乒乓球初学者观看发球旋转的动作视频时的脑电数据，共有160个发球动作视频，在视频结束时被试进行旋转的判断，基于事件前的脑电基值．计算在动作识别过程中alpha频率的事件相关去同步化（ERD），了解大脑皮层激活状态的变化。结果：与运动新手相比。运动专家在动作识别过程中高频alpha（10．5．12．5Hz）的ERD幅度更低。与运动新手相比，运动专家在正确识别发球动作时高频alpha频段的ERD在顶叶皮层（P〈0．05）和枕叶皮层的幅值更低（P〈0．01）。结论：乒乓球运动员专项动作识别存在神经效率，与更低幅度alpha频率的ERD相联系。乒乓球运动员发球动作识别时大脑顶叶和枕叶的能量消耗较小。Objective To test the hypothesis that neural activity of experts during manipulating their special recognition task is reduced. Methods Electroencephalography was simultaneously recorded in 18 elite table tennis players and 18 novice table tennis players during viewing 160 videos of ball serving. Alpha （8-12 Hz） rhythms of event related desynchronization （ERD） during the videos judging were used to reflect the cortical activation. Results The result indicated that alpha ERD in amplitude was lower in elite players compared to the novice players during judging video. High frequency alpha ERD was lower in the elite table tennis players compared to the novice table tennis players in parietal cortical（P 〈 0.05） and occipital cortical （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion Elite table tennis players in actions recognition have a lower amplitude of alpha ERD and decreased cerebral functional activation in the parietal and occipital cortices,which supports the hypothesis of ＂neural efficiency＂.

关 键 词：乒乓球运动员 发球 脑电 事件相关去同步化 

分 类 号：G846[文化科学—体育训练]