水稻气力式排种器导向型搅种装置的设计与试验  

Design and experiment of oriented seed churning device on pneumatic seed metering device for rice

作　　者：张国忠[1,2] 臧英[2] 罗锡文[2] 王在满[2] 曾山[2] 周志艳[2] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]华南农业大学南方农业机械与装备关键技术教育部重点实验室,广州510642

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2013年第12期1-8,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51105147);国家公益性行业计划项目(201203059);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2012AA10A501-2);广东省自然科学基金资助项目(S2011010001948)

摘　　要：为提高水稻气力式精量穴播排种器的排种精度,在该排种器的吸种盘上设计并安装了一种由2个搅种齿组成的导向型搅种装置。以培杂泰丰、Y两优1号种子为对象,采用单因素试验和因素组合对比试验的方法,研究了吸室真空度、吸孔直径与搅种装置对排种器性能的影响。结果表明,排种器安装导向型搅种装置后,工作转速显著提高,对工作气流真空度要求降低,性能得到改善;在真空度2.0kPa、吸种盘转速30r/min、搅种齿厚度2mm、搅种齿楔角60°、内侧搅种齿安装角90°、外侧搅种齿间安装角60°以及吸孔直径1.6mm的最佳排种参数下,排种器对含水率20.7%的Y两优1号破胸芽种排出(3～4粒)/穴的概率为59.48%,≤2粒/穴率为15.03%,≥5粒/穴率为25.49%。试验结果显示导向型搅种装置对籼稻种子存在分离、导向、摩擦和支撑等助吸作用,可提高排种器的排种精度。Due to high tilling capacity and preventing the risk of low seedling emergence rate in the field,generally 3-4 seeds are required for each hole when hybrid pregnant rice seeds were direct seeded to the field by drilling machine.Even though the seeds sprouted and their bud length were less than 3mm with high moisture content,they were low in liquidity and had irregular shapes making it quite difficult to meet the requirement.In order to solve the problem,a novel pneumatic metering device was designed with group sucking holes plate in a seed metering device,by which 3-4 seeds can be sucked and dropped at the same time.Existing experiments were conducted to investigate the suck characteristic of the group holes on the sucking plate under vacuum,diameter of the holes,and seed-clearing device.The results showed the optimal parameter combination was vacuum at 3.2kPa and the diameter of the hole at 1.5mm.The results：the≤2sucked seeds per hill,the（3-4） sucked seeds per hill,and the≥5sucked seeds per hill were 8.27%,81.87%,and 9.86% while the sucking plate rotating speed was 8rpm.In order to improve the device performance,the group sucking holes on the plate were increased from eight to ten,its circular distribution was replaced by a linear distribution,and a kind of oriented churning device that consisted of two churning teeth was set on the plate.The single factor experiments and combination factor contrast experiments were conducted to investigate the suck characteristics of the sucking plate under vacuum,diameter of the holes,and oriented churning device.The experimental equipment consisted of a pneumatic metering device with group holes,a U-shaped manometer,a positive and negative pressure air pipeline,a cut-off valve,and a vortex pump.In the experiments,the rotating speed of the sucking plate was 30rpm and its diameter was 165mm,the distance between 3 sucking holes were 6.5mm and 11.5mm while the distance was 65mm between the middle hole and the center of the plate.A fingerlike clearing device was set on t

关 键 词：农业机械 种子 气力式设备 排种器 群布吸孔 精量穴直播 搅种装置 水稻 

分 类 号：S233.71[农业科学—农业机械化工程]