干旱条件下南方红壤丘陵地区水分平衡  

Water balance in red soil hilly regions of Southern China under drought climate situations

作　　者：杨艳昭[1] 张伟科[1,2] 封志明[1] 杨格格[1,3] 杨玲[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]邯郸学院地理与旅游系,邯郸056005 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2013年第12期110-119,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2010CB951502);国家自然科学基金(41101553;41271541)

摘　　要：全球变暖背景下近些年中国南方地区干旱气候事件频发,水土资源匹配态势并不乐观。论文以吉泰盆地为案例区,采用标准化降水指数,系统诊断吉泰盆地近50a的干旱态势,识别干旱的类型与强度;构建水分平衡模型,重演历史干旱气候条件下南方红壤丘陵地区耕地、林地等主要用地类型的水分平衡。研究表明,1960-2010年,吉泰盆地近30%的年份发生了干旱,频率较高。其中,轻旱发生的频次最高,特旱位居其次,吉泰盆地干旱大多发生于伏秋期间;无旱气候条件下,吉泰盆地水分平衡量约为448mm,自然降水整体可以满足林地和耕地等主要用地类型的水分需求,水分盈余是其平衡关系的基本特征,盈余量整体呈现河谷、平原低于丘陵、山地的空间格局;轻、中、重和特旱气候条件下,吉泰盆地耕地水分平衡量由无旱态势下的盈余转为亏缺,林地的水分盈余量下降幅度在37.87%～77.80%;轻、中、重旱气候条件,吉泰盆地的水分平衡量较无旱时依次下降了55.07%、70.28%和96.08%;在特旱气候条件下,缺水量达72mm;随着干旱程度的加剧,吉泰盆地水分盈余量降低、亏缺量增加。The water and land resources matching situation is not optimistic,by that the arid climate events occur frequently in Southern China under the background of global warming in recent years.Taking Jitai Basin as an example,we systematically diagnosed drought situation of the past 50 years and identified the type and intensity of the drought by using standardized precipitation index.Moreover,we built a water balance model to analyze the water balance on cultivated land,forest land in red soil hilly regions of Southern China under the drought climate conditions.The results showed that drought events occurred with a higher frequency in nearly 30% during 1960 to 2010 in Jitai Basin,in which the light drought occurred frequency was the most,followed by the special drought,the middle drought and heavy drought.Drought events occurred mostly in autumn,and the spring and winter drought have occurred occasionally.The water balance of early rice,rape,forest land and shrub land in the water surplus in Jitai Basin mainly characterized by moisture surplus,and the rice water deficit rate was at 30% level under no-arid climatic conditions.The volume of water balance in Jitai Basin was about 448mm under no-arid climatic conditions,which indicated that the natural precipitation could meet the water demands of the major land type on the whole,including forest and cultivated land etc.Water surplus was the basic characteristic,and the distribution of water surplus in valley and plain was lower than in hilly and mountain.Under the different drought climate conditions,the water balance volume of cultivated land was-87,-104,-356 and-553mm,and the water balance of cultivated land in Jitai Basin turned to deficit,with the drought degree aggravating,the water deficit of cultivated land was significantly enhanced,the effects of drought on the water balance of cultivated land were obvious.From the changes of the spatial pattern,the deficit situation of cultivated land was gradually expanded from the central basin valley plains to the hilly are

关 键 词：干旱 水分 降雨 水分平衡 标准化降水指数 吉泰盆地 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S161.6[农业科学—农业基础科学]