草本植被过滤带对径流中泥沙和除草剂的去除效果  

Removing effects of grass filter strips on sediment and herbicide from runoff in simulated experiment

作　　者：肖波[1,3] 萨仁娜[2] 陶梅[2] 王庆海[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院,北京草业与环境研究发展中心,北京100097 [2]辽宁工程技术大学,环境科学与工程学院,阜新123000 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2013年第12期136-144,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：北京市科技新星计划(2009B25);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX201103001);国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD14B00);国家自然科学基金(41001156)

摘　　要：除草剂阿特拉津的大量使用在提高农业生产效率、增加作物产量的同时,也导致了严重的环境污染。该研究通过在土槽上进行浑水冲刷试验,定量研究了禾本科草本植被过滤带(狼尾草Pennisetum alopecuroides (Linn.)Spreng和野古草Arundinella hirta (Thunb.)C.Tanaka)对径流、泥沙、以及阿特拉津的拦截效果。结果表明,禾本科草本植被过滤带能有效拦截径流,拦截率可达88%;并显著降低泥沙和阿特拉津流失量,但其作用效果受泥沙和阿特拉津的进水浓度影响较大。当进水泥沙浓度为20、40、60g/L时,植被过滤带对泥沙的拦截率分别为95%、93%、85%;当进水阿特拉津浓度为0.3、0.6、0.9mg/L时,植被过滤带对阿特拉津的拦截率分别为95%、92%、91%。另外,植被过滤带对泥沙和阿特拉津的拦截率随时间延长呈逐渐降低趋势,试验开始后第1、10、20、40、60分钟的泥沙拦截率分别为97%、95%、93%、91%、87%,阿特拉津拦截率分别为97%、93%、90%、86%、84%;同时,阿特拉津出流浓度与径流量有显著相关关系(r1=0.88,r2=0.93,r3=0.94),表明径流量在一定程度上决定了阿特拉津出流浓度和出流量。研究证实,植被过滤带能有效降低阿特拉津随径流流失量,对阿特拉津引起的农业面源污染具有较好防治效果。Atrazine,an herbicide to kill broadleaf weeds affecting many different types of crops such as corn,sorghum,and sugarcane,is extensively used in agricultural production around the world in recent years.The worldwide use of atrazine did not only significantly increase crop yields but also result in serious abovegroundand belowground water pollutions.Grass filter strips,planted along streams,ponds,and lakes,were designed to remove sediments,organic materials,nutrients,and chemicals carried in runoff or waste water,and which were regarded as one of the best management practices in the controlling of agricultural non-point source pollution in many countries.However,the efficiency of grass filter strips in the removing of atrazine has not been adequately tested,especially on the Northern China.This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of herbaceous grass filter strips established by Pennisetum（Pennisetum alopecuroides（Linn.） Spreng and Arundinella（Arundinella hirta（Thunb.） C.Tanaka） on the removing of runoff,sediment,and atrazine in a simulated experiment on the soil boxes with runoff generator（water flow rate and speed were 0.22L/s and 1.3m/s,respectively）.Three treatments,including T1（inflow sediment content=20g/L,inflow atrazine concentration=0.3mg/L）,T2（inflow sediment content=40g/L,inflow atrazine concentration=0.6mg/L）,and T3（inflow sediment content=60g/L,inflow atrazine concentration=0.9mg/L）,were set and each of them had three replications in this study.The differences between the inflow and outflow of runoff,sediment,and atrazine through the grass filter strips were examined to determine the efficiency of the grass filter strips in the decreasing of studied pollutants.The results showed that the grass filter strips significantly reduced runoff by up to 88%.The grass filter strips was also very efficient in reducing sediment and atrazine,but their effects were significantly influenced by sediment content and atrazine concentration in the inflow water through the grass filter

关 键 词：除草剂 植被 径流 阿特拉津 植被过滤带 拦截率 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] X171.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]