2005—2011年广州市海珠区麻疹流行病学分析和防治措施探讨  

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics and control measures of measles in Haizhu District of Guangzhou City from 2005-2011

作　　者：赵丽庆[1] 刘士俊[1] 甘标[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省广州市海珠区疾病预防控制中心传染病防制与计划免疫科,510288

出　　处：《职业与健康》2013年第13期1638-1641,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的分析广州市海珠区2005—2011年麻疹流行病学特征,评估政府启动的综合性预防控制措施对控制麻疹疫情的效果,为制定消除麻疹策略提供科学依据。方法通过国家法定传染病大疫情报告系统收集麻疹疫情资料,采用描述流行病学方法分析海珠区2005—2011年麻疹流行病学特征及预防控制措施的效能。结果海珠区2005—2011年麻疹发病1 368例,4—8月为高发季节;病例以外来人口为主,占总病例数82.60%;无免疫史和免疫史不详的病例占总病例数88.30%;2005—2007年发病率逐年上升,2007年升至顶峰(发病率高达48.26/10万)。区政府采取综合性预防控制措施后,2007—2011年发病率逐年下降,2011年发病率迅速降至0.20/10万,且≥15岁成人组和<8月龄组人群逐渐成为麻疹主要发病人群。结论人群免疫空白是麻疹高发的主要因素。政府近年采取的麻疹减毒活疫苗(MV)强化免疫和查漏补种的综合性预防控制措施取得显著效果。为达到消除麻疹的目标,应继续提高易感人群MV免疫覆盖率,重点强化外来人口的综合管理,推进成人MV强化免疫,加强麻疹监测,控制医院内感染和开展预防控制和消除麻疹的应用性研究。[ Objective ] To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Haizhu District of Guangzhou City from 2005-2011, evaluate the efficacy of comprehensive prevention and control measures by the government, and provide the scientific basis for making the strategy of measles elimination. [ Methods ] The measles case data were collected from the National notifiable disease reporting system. The epidemiological characteristics of measles and efficacy of comprehensive control measures in Haizhu District during 2005-2011 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. [ Results] 1368 measles cases were reported in Haizhu District during 2005-2011, and the seasonal peak appeared April to August. Most of measles cases were floating population （ 82. 60% }, while the cases without immunization history or with unknown immunization history accounted for 88.30%. The incidence rate of measles showed a rising tendency during 2005-2007, which reached the peak in 2007 （48.26/lakh）. After the imple- mentation of comprehensive prevention and control measures by Haizhu District government, the incidence rate of measles decreased year by year during 2007-2011, and it decreased to 0.20/lakh in 2011, while adults over 15 years old and children under 8 months old have become the major population of measles. [ Conclusion] The main cause of high incidence rate of measles in these years is the lack of adequate immunization for appropriate age groups in the area. The comprehensive prevention and control measures carried out by government, which include supplementary immunization of measles vaccine （ MV ） and revaccination, have obtained a remarkable effect. In order to eliminate measles, it is necessary to increase the coverage rate of MV among susceptible population, strengthen the comprehensive management of migrant population, improve the MV supplementary immunization among adults, conduct the measles surveillance, control the nosocomial infection, and carry out the practical research on measles prevention and con

关 键 词：麻疹 监测 流行病学 控制策略 效果分析 

分 类 号：R181.8[医药卫生—流行病学]