不同土壤类型和肥力玉米地土壤养分根际效应研究  

Rhizosphere effect of nutrients in different maize soils with different fertility levels.

作　　者：吴龙华[1] 张素君[1] 刘兰民 杨跃 张国忠 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110015 [2]吉林省农安县新农乡农业站,农安130223

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2000年第4期545-548,共4页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家"九五"科技攻关招标项目

摘　　要：采集吉林省玉米植株及土壤样品 ,研究不同土壤类型和肥力、玉米不同品种和生育时期土壤 植物系统根际养分动态变化及植物吸收的相互关系 .结果表明 ,玉米地土壤NH+ 4 N、NO-3 N在根际富集 ,其变化主要与化肥供应有关 .高肥力土壤根际有效磷亏缺 ,种植密度越大 ,根际亏缺率越大 ;低肥力土壤则有效磷在根际略高 .高肥力土壤有效钾较高 ,根际有效钾富集也更明显 .茎叶、根对养分的吸收量顺序为 :N≈K >P ,籽实的吸收量大小为 :N >K >P .化学肥料在本地区玉米产量的贡献率仅 1/5～ 1/3 ,其余 2 /3～ 4/5来自施用的有机肥料如鸡粪、牛粪等以及土壤有机、矿质养分的供应 .Maize plants and soil samples were collected from Jilin Province to study the nutrient dynamics in soil maize plant rhizosphere and their relationship with plant uptake.The results showed that NH + 4 N and NO - 3 N were accumulated in rhizospheric soil, and mainly controlled by the application of chemical fertilizers.Soil available P was depleted in high fertility fields,especially in high seedling density,while accumulated in low fertility fields.Soil available K was accumulated in rhizospheric soil,and its accumulation rate was higher in high fertility than in low fertility fields.The nutrient absorption amount was N≈K>P for maize plant shoots and roots,but was N>K>P for seeds.The contribution rate of chemical fertilizers to maize yield was only 1/5～1/3 in Jilin Province,and the rest was contributed by the application of organic manure,such as chicken feces or cow feces,and by the mineralization of soil organic matter.

关 键 词：土壤类型 土壤肥力 土壤养分 根际效应 玉米 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]