土地整理进程中镇赉项目区景观格局变化及生态风险  

A study on landscape pattern change and ecological risk of Zhenlai land consolidation project

作　　者：艾建超[1] 赵力[2] 程龙飞[2] 吴睿[1] 王宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学城市与环境科学学院,吉林长春130024 [2]吉林省环境科学研究院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《东北师大学报（自然科学版）》2013年第2期146-152,共7页Journal of Northeast Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40673059);吉林省财政厅省级社会性公益研究项目(2060302)

摘　　要：以吉林省镇赉县土地整理区为研究对象,通过获取土地整理前(2005年)和土地整理中(2009年)的土地利用遥感影像图,应用"3S"技术及景观指数计算软件建立了景观格局指标及生态风险评价指标,分析了研究区的景观格局变化和可能的生态风险,并在项目区进行了土壤盐碱化指标的定点监测.结果表明:研究区草地、旱田、盐碱地斑块数量和面积有不同程度的增加,湖泊和沼泽地面积减小;景观破碎度指数从0.366上升到0.382;项目区两种主要土地利用类型旱田和盐碱地优势度指数都呈现增加的趋势,景观生态风险值从2005年的0.73上升到2009年的1.08,生态风险仍处于极高级别.分析原因主要与近年来气候干旱、加之土地整理工程进度缓慢有关.项目区土壤定点监测显示,土地整理工程开始启动的北家子村土壤盐碱化得到了较明显的改善,土壤酸碱度、碱化度和总碱度都有不同程度的下降,而工程进度缓慢的前舍利村和后五家子村土壤质量变化不大.由此可见,加快研究区土地整理工作的进程是改善区域土壤质量和生态环境状况的重要措施.Land consolidation which can solve the shortage of land and water,coordinate the man-land relationship and improve the capacity of food production is an important measure.However,the ecological environment of the western consolidated land is relative fragility,there must exist some ecological risk under the large scale consolidation.The paper chooses Zhenlai Land Consolidation District as the study area,acquiring the land remote sensing image in the year of 2005 and 2009,and using ＂3S＂ technology and landscape indices calculation software to get landscape index.The paper also analyzes the changes of landscape pattern and ecological risk,and monitors the soil salinization indicators.The results show that the patch and area of grasslands,dry lands and saline-alkali lands are increased,while the area of lakes and wetlands are reduced;the degree of fragmentation index rises from 0.366 to 0.382 because of land consolidation;the dominance index of dry land and saline-alkali land have shown an increasing trend,and the landscape ecological risk value increases from 0.73 to 1.08.The ecological risk is at a very high level.The reason is that the land consolidation is in initial stage,in addition,drought in recent years also contribute to increasing the area of the saline-alkali land.Soil monitoring indicates that the soil quality of Bei Jia-zi land consolidation project which starts early has been significantly improved,and the soil acidity,basicity,and total alkalinity have decreased notably,while the soil quality of the Qian She-li and Hou Wu-jia-zi village which start late change little.In conclusion,speeding up the process of land consolidation is an important measure to improve regional soil quality and ecological environment.

关 键 词：土地整理 景观格局 土壤质量 生态风险评价 

分 类 号：X821[环境科学与工程—环境工程]