玉米子粒性状种子和母体效应的遗传分析  

Direct and Matenal Effects of Kernel Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.)

作　　者：李玉玲[1] 詹朝飞 石新民 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,郑州450002 [2]济南空军长葛生产基地,长葛461500

出　　处：《玉米科学》2000年第3期18-22,共5页Journal of Maize Sciences

摘　　要：采用二倍体种子遗传模型及其分析方法 ,以 5个玉米自交系及其间配制的F1,F2 ,BC1,BC2 世代为材料 ,研究了 7个玉米子粒性状的直接效应、母体效应和细胞质效应。分析结果表明 ,除粒厚外 ,各性状的遗传均以母体加性效应为主 ,种子直接显性效应和母体显性效应较小 ,细胞质基因对各性状均无显著影响 ,而环境效应极显著。除粒长的直接显性效应与母体显性效应间的协方差外 ,直接效应与母体效应间的协方差均较小 ,且不显著。因此 ,通过母体植株的遗传表现可对这些性状进行有效的直接选择。S2 2 是改良粒重的优良亲本 ,而NO1,NO2 ,NO3 对改良粒重不利。各部位子粒百粒重的直接显性效应、母体加性效应、母体显性效应及机误均存在极显著正相关。在自交系选育过程中 ,直接选择粒较宽的分离类型 ,容易获得大粒的遗传材料 ,选择粒厚而宽的亲本组配杂交组合有利于提高F1粒重。The direct,maternal and cytoplasm effects of seven kernel traits were studied by genetic model for diploid plant seeds using 5 inbreds and their F1,F2,BC1 and BC2 generations The estimates of genetic variance components indicated that maternal additive genetic effects were the main ones,and the effects of direct dominance and maternal dorminance were smaller,and cytoplasm had no effects,but environmenta1 factors had highly significant ones for all traits except for kernel thick,Except for the variance between the direct dominance and maternal dominance effects for kernel 1ength,all other ones between direct and maternal effect were small and not significant.So,maize inbreds could be developed by direct selection based on maternal plants for these traits.S 22 was the best inbred for kernel weight improvement,but No1,No2,No3 Were not suitable for this purpose.Relationships between 100-kernel weight of three different ear parts on direct dominance,maternal additive,maternal dominance effects and error were all significant positive correlations.In inbred development,direct selection for types with high kernel width could make it easier to obtain high kernel weight genetic materials.Using parents with high kernel width and kernel thick it is benefinial to produce crosses with high kerne weight.

关 键 词：玉米 子粒性状 直接效应 母体效应 遗传分析 

分 类 号：S513.032[农业科学—作物学] S11