帕洛诺司琼预防脑胶质瘤患者尼莫司汀化疗后急性恶心和呕吐  

Applying palonosetron to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy with nimustine in brain glioma patients

作　　者：周憑 潘之光[1] 柴敏茵[2] 孙安[1] 徐宏治[1] 鲍伟民[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学附属华山医院神经外科 [2]复旦大学附属华山医院护理部

出　　处：《中国新药与临床杂志》2013年第6期494-497,共4页Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies

摘　　要：目的研究使用帕洛诺司琼预防脑胶质瘤患者尼莫司汀化疗所致恶心和呕吐的疗效和安全性。方法将46例均使用尼莫司汀方案化疗的脑胶质瘤患者随机分为帕洛诺司琼组和甲氧氯普胺组各23例,分别给予帕洛诺司琼注射液0.25 mg和甲氧氯普胺注射液10 mg,均静脉注射,每日1次,预防化疗后恶心和呕吐。通过通用毒副反应评判标准NCI-CTCAE 4.0进行分级,观察两组24 h内药物的疗效和不良反应,以及血电解质紊乱情况。结果帕洛诺司琼组出现呕吐的患者共9例,发生率为39%;甲氧氯普胺组出现呕吐的患者16例,发生率为70%,组间有显著差异(P<0.05)。同时发现帕洛诺司琼组出现恶心的患者共15例,发生率为65%,甲氧氯普胺组出现恶心的患者共23例,发生率为100%,组间有非常显著差异(P<0.01)。帕洛诺司琼组低钾、低钠血症的发生率均低于甲氧氯普胺组(P<0.05)。帕洛诺司琼组仅1例患者出现头晕,其余患者均未见其他不良反应。结论帕洛诺司琼对脑胶质瘤患者尼莫司汀化疗后急性恶心和呕吐有较好的预防效果和安全性。AIM To study the efficacy and safety of palonosetron in prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy of nimustine in brain gliomas. METHODS Fourty-six patients of brain gliomas were divided into palonosetron group （n = 23） and metoclopramide group （n = 23）. All patients were treated by palonosetron （0.25 rag） or metoclopramide （10 rag） by intravenous injection once a day in prevention of nausea and vomiting. Therapeutic effects, adverse reactions and blood electrolyte imbalance of two groups were observed for 24 h after administration and classified according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events （NCI- CTCAE 4.0）. RESULTS Vomiting patients in palonosetron group and metoclopramide group were 9 （39%） and 16 （70%） respectively, and with significant difference （P〈 0.05）. Meanwhile, nausea patients in the palonosetron group （n = 15, 65% ） were also less than those in the metoclopramide group （n = 23, 100%） and with great significant difference （P 〈 0.01）. Both hypokalemia andhyponatremia patients in the palonosetron group were less than those in the metoclopramide group and with significant difference （P 〈 0.05）. Among the palonosetron group, dizziness was only observed in one patient and no other adverse reactions were observed. CONCLUSION Palonosetron may be more effective and safe for the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy of nimustine in brain gliomas.

关 键 词：帕洛诺司琼 甲氧氯普胺 尼莫司汀 神经胶质瘤 药物疗法 

分 类 号：R975.4[医药卫生—药品]