喷雾方式及喷液量对吡蚜酮和啶虫脒在棉田的沉积分布及棉蚜防治效果的影响  

Influences of spray method and volume on the deposition of acetamiprid and pymetrozine and their efficacy against cotton aphids in cotton fields

作　　者：朱玉坤[1] 郑岩明[1] 王杰[1] 夏晓明[1] 王开运[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2013年第5期530-536,共7页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903033);山东省优秀中青年科学家科研奖励基金(BS2012SW015)

摘　　要：为探明防治棉田棉蚜Aphisgossypii(Glover)的最佳喷雾方式及喷液量,提高棉田的农药利用率,作者于2011-2012年在山东省棉花苗期和成株期分别使用背负式手动喷雾器和背负式机动弥雾机以常规大容量和低容量喷雾,比较杀虫剂25%吡蚜酮可湿性粉剂和3%啶虫脒乳油的喷雾雾滴在棉花田的沉积分布及棉蚜防治效果。结果表明:在棉花苗期,3%啶虫脒乳油用量450mL/ha时,使用机动弥雾机以75,150和225L/ha喷液量喷雾,药剂在地面的流失率分别为24.4%,28.9%和26.7%;使用手动喷雾器以300,450和600L/ha喷液量喷雾,杀虫剂在地面的流失率分别为35.6%,37.8%和46.7%;啶虫脒不同喷雾处理对棉蚜的防效无显著性差异(P>0.05)。在棉花成株期,25%吡蚜酮可湿性粉剂用量为300g/ha时,使用手动喷雾器以600L/ha喷液量喷雾,药剂地面流失率为13.3%;使用机动弥雾机以喷液量150L/ha喷雾时,药剂地面流失率为3.3%;25%吡蚜酮可湿性粉剂用量减少至225g/ha,使用机动弥雾机以喷液量150和300L/ha喷雾,对棉蚜的防效与吡蚜酮用量300g/ha、使用手动喷雾器在喷液量600L/ha条件下喷雾相比没有显著差异(P>0.05)。使用机动弥雾机喷雾可以减少田间用药量和喷液量,降低药液的流失率,减轻对环境的污染。In order to promote the effective utilization of pesticides in cotton fields, field tests were conducted during 2011 -2012 to determine the appropriate spray method and volume used to control the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii （Glover）. Deposition of insecticides applied with the lever-operated knapsack sprayer and the knapsack mist blower at different spray volumes in cotton fields were studied by adding tracer allura red in insecticide solution. The results indicated that at the seedling stage of cotton, when 3% aeetamiprid EC was applied with the mist blower at the dose of 450 mL/ha, the run-off rates were 24.4% , 28.9% and 26.7% at the spray volumes of 75, 150 and 225 L/ha, respectively. The run-off rates of 3% acetamiprid EC from the lever-operated sprayer operated at the the spray volumes of 300,450 and 600 L/ha were 35.6% , 37.8% and 46.7% , respectively. Efficacy of acetamiprid applied with two sprayers at different water volumes against cotton aphids had no significant difference （P 〉 O. 05）. At the adult-plant stage of contton, when 25% pymctrozine WP was applied at the dose of 300 g/ ha, the run-off rates of pymetrozine for the lever-operated sprayer at the the spray volume of 600 L/ha and the mist blower at the the spray volume of 150 L/ha were 13.3% and 3.3% , respectively. The efficacy of pymetrozine applied at the dose of 225 g/ha using the mist blower at the the spray volumes of 150 and 300 L/ha had no significant difference compared with the treatment of 300 g/ha pymetrozine applied with the lever-operated sprayer at the spray volume of 600 L/ha （P 〉 0.05 ）. It is so concluded that low volume spray with the mist blower could facilitate not only to reduce the insecticide dosage used in cotton fields for aphid management, but also to decrease the run-off rate of insecticide onto soil and so reduce environmental pollution.

关 键 词：棉蚜 吡蚜酮 啶虫脒 喷雾方式 喷液量 农药沉积 防效 

分 类 号：Q965.9[生物学—昆虫学]