电石与醇的反应行为  

Reaction behavior of calcium carbide with alcohols

作　　者：刘青[1] 刘清雅[1] 王仁醒[1] 徐涛[1] 刘振宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学化工资源有效利用国家重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《化工学报》2013年第7期2573-2579,共7页CIESC Journal

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2011CB201306);国家基金面上项目(20976011)~~

摘　　要：在高压釜中研究了电石与甲醇、乙醇和异丙醇的反应行为及反应温度、反应时间和催化剂对产物的影响,通过设计对比实验,探索了电石与醇的反应途径。结果表明,电石与醇的反应产物包括乙炔、乙烯基醚、醇钙和醇钙分解产生的醇。乙烯基醚的生成途径除了文献报道的电石与醇的直接反应外,还包括电石与醇反应生成醇钙和乙炔、乙炔再与醇反应形成乙烯基醚的两步机理。Calcium carbide is a major coal-derived platform chemical with annual production of more than 15 Mt in China alone.It is used to generate acetylene,upon reacting with water,to start production of many commodity chemicals,such as vinyl chloride and vinyl acetic acid.Reactions of calcium carbide with alcohols were reported decades ago but received little attention.With the production of low cost alcohols from coal,natural gas as well as biomass,these reactions may become more important in the future.In this paper,reactions of calcium carbide individually with three alcohols,methanol,ethanol and isopropanol,at various temperatures and time in the presence and absence of a catalyst were studied batch-wise in a stirred autoclave.The products were analyzed with gas chromatography,mass spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy.The products mainly included acetylene,vinyl ethers,calcium alkoxides,and higher alcohols from decomposition of calcium alkoxides.One of the reaction pathway involved formation of acetylene and calcium alkoxides in the first step,reaction of acetylene with alcohols to produce vinyl ethers in the second step,and decomposition of calcium alkoxides to higher alcohols.

关 键 词：电石 醇 反应途径 乙炔 

分 类 号：TQ530.2[化学工程—煤化学工程]