不同土地利用方式坡面径流侵蚀强度模拟试验  

Simulated Experiments of Runoff Erosion Modulus Intensity on Slope Under Different Land Use Types

作　　者：付兴涛[1,2] 张丽萍[1] 王文艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省亚热带土壤与植物营养重点研究实验室,污染环境修复与生态健康教育部重点实验室,浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州310058 [2]太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院,太原030024

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2013年第2期42-46,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：浙江省低丘缓坡水土流失防治对策研究项目(RI0701)

摘　　要：采用人工模拟降雨的方法,对南方红壤丘陵区3种土地利用方式下(经济林坡地、坡耕地及荒坡地)坡面侵蚀强度及其影响因素进行对比分析。结果表明,次降雨坡面土壤侵蚀模数大小顺序为坡耕地>荒坡地>经济林坡地;90mm/h雨强是经济林坡地侵蚀性降雨的临界雨强,60mm/h雨强是荒坡地及坡耕地侵蚀性降雨的临界雨强;建议在坡耕地上以4m为间隔设置水土保持措施;雨强30～120mm/h时,侵蚀模数随坡长延长相同长度增速大小顺序为坡耕地>荒坡地>经济林坡地,雨强150mm/h时,其顺序为经济林坡地>坡耕地>荒坡地;3种土地利用方式下侵蚀模数与径流深均呈正相关关系,可用幂函数拟合(R2>0.75),侵蚀模数随径流深变化速率大小顺序为坡耕地>荒坡地>经济林坡地;3种土地利用方式下雨强与侵蚀模数的相关性均较坡长大。Based on the simulated rainfall experiments, this study analyzed the erosion intensities and their influencing factors under three land use types（economic forest slope, sloping farmland and slope wasteland） in hilly red soil region, south China. Results indicated that the order of erosion modulus for three land use types was sloping farmland 〉 slope wasteland 〉economic forest slope under the same rainfall situation. 90 mm/h rainfall intensity was the critical value of erosive rainfall for economic forest slope and for sloping farmland and slope wasteland it was 60 mm/h rainfall intensity. Authors suggested that the soil and water conservation measures should be constructed on sloping farmland with 4 m interval to decrease soil and water loss. The increase velocity order of erosion modulus with every slope length increment 2 m under 30 - 120 mm/h rainfall intensities was sloping farmland ）slope wasteland ）economic forest slope, whereas, the order was economic forest slope 〉sloping farmland 〉slope wasteland under 150 mm/h rainfall intensity. There was a positive correlation between runoff depth and erosion modulus, and their relationship could be described by power function（R2〉0.75） under three land use types. The change velocity order of erosion modulus with runoff depth was sloping farmland ）slope wasteland ）economic forest slope. The relativity between erosion modulus and rainfall intensity was greater than that with slope length under three land use types.

关 键 词：土地利用方式 径流深 临界雨强 侵蚀模数 红壤丘陵区 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]