不同施肥种植模式对玉米光合特性、养分效率及产量性状的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilization and Planting Patterns on Photosynthetic Characters,Nutrients Efficiency and Yield Traits of Maize

作　　者：张丽光[1] 李丹 刘磊[3] 王蕾 孙志梅[1] 彭正萍[1] 薛世川[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071001 [2]石家庄双联机械有限公司,河北鹿泉050200 [3]廊坊市农业局土壤肥料工作站,河北廊坊065000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2013年第2期115-119,125,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程河北省课题项目(2011BAD16B08)

摘　　要：为简化农艺措施,提高玉米生产效率,采用田间试验法,以常规施肥种植模式(底肥浅施+追肥条播间苗)为对照,研究灭茬旋耕深松全层施肥精播的简化施肥种植模式对玉米光合特性、养分吸收利用及产量性状的影响。结果表明:简化施肥种植模式能分别提高玉米抽雄期、成熟期叶面积指数(LAI)6.9%～8.6%和10.3%～10.5%,叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)5.9%～6.5%和9.4%～10.8%;提高群体总光合势(LAD)7.0%～8.1%;使氮、磷、钾的吸收效率分别提高了19.4%～24.8%,15.4%～17.4%,13.3%～16.1%,氮肥、磷肥、钾肥的偏生产力均提高了3.8%～5.2%。此外,简化施肥种植模式还提高了玉米茎粗和干物质积累量,改善了产量构成因素,显著提高了玉米产量和经济效益。A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different fertilization and planting patterns on photosynthetic characters, nutrients uptake and utilization and yield traits of maize. The results indicated that, compared with the conventional fertilization planting patterns, simplified fertilization planting patterns could enhance the leaf area index（LAD by 6.9%～8.6% and 10.3%～10.5%, and the relative chlorophyll content（SPAD） by 5.9%～6.5% and 9.4%～10.8% in head sprouting and mature; enhance population leaf area duration（LAD） by 7.0%～8.1% ; increased nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake efficiency by 19.4%～24.8%,15.4%～17.4%,13.3%～16.1%, and increased nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium partial factor productivity by 3.8%～5.2%, respectively. In addition, the stem diameters and dry matter accumulation were increased, and the components of yield were improved. Finally, the maize yield and economic profit in this treatment were significantly increased.

关 键 词：种植模式 玉米 光合特性 养分效率 产量性状 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S147.2