淹水改良土壤性状及对辣椒疫病的防效研究  

Effect of Flooding on Soil Character and Disease Control of Phytophthora Blight of Chilli Pepper

作　　者：王光飞[1,2] 马艳[2] 常志州[2] 周淑霞[2] 徐跃定[2] 张建英[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学生命科学学院,南京210095 [2]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2013年第2期209-214,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新项目(CX(11)2020);农业部公益性行业计划项目(201103004-9)

摘　　要：在室内条件下,采用土壤处理和盆栽试验相结合的方法,以2块辣椒连作菜地土壤为对象,研究淹水处理对土壤的理化、生物学性质及辣椒疫病发生率的影响。结果表明,淹水后土壤pH、总酚酸含量升高,总有机酸含量显著增加,而土壤的电导率、氧化还原电位和铵态氮含量则显著下降。栽植辣椒后,根际土壤的总有机酸含量和总酚酸含量迅速下降,铵态氮含量和Eh上升,而电导率和pH基本不变。在生物学性质上,淹水能降低土壤脱氢酶和土壤脲酶的活性,并显著减少土壤真菌和放线菌的数量。将人工接种量为每1g干土1 000个辣椒疫霉孢子的连作土壤分别进行保湿35d和淹水35d处理,采用实时定量PCR技术测定土壤中辣椒疫霉的数量。结果表明:处理结束时保湿组辣椒疫霉数量是淹水组的5～6倍。土壤栽植辣椒后,保湿组辣椒疫霉数量显著增加,而淹水组基本不变。在2种辣椒连作土壤中,淹水20d和35d对辣椒疫病的防效都能达到100%,对照发病率为80%～86%;而在这2种土壤中分别人工接种辣椒疫霉孢子(接种量为每1g干土1 000个辣椒疫霉孢子),再进行淹水20d和35d后,在G土中防效为100%,而在X土中,对辣椒疫病的防效仅为40%～54%。因此,可以推测,当土壤中病原菌的数量较高时,采用单一的淹水处理仍然不能完全防控辣椒疫病,必须与其他土壤处理技术相结合。Effects of flooding on physical, chemical and biological properties of soil and on disease control of Phytophthora blight of chilli pepper were studied with soil treatment and pot experiment in two kinds of soil coming from greenhouse. The results showed that pH value and phenolic acid content of soil were increased slightly while the organic acid concentration was increased significantly after flooding. However, EC, Eh and ammonium nitrogen content decreased significantly. After transplantation of chilli pepper, different parameters of rhizosphere soil of chilli pepper showed different change trend. Organic acid and phenolic acid content decreased rapidly and ammonium nitrogen content and Eh increased gradually, but EC and pH were stable. As to biological character of soil, flooding reduced activity of dehydrogenase and urease, so did the number of fungi and actinomycetes. The soil inoculated with zoospores of Phytophthora capsici at density of 1 000 zoospores per gram dry soil were respectively kept wet and waterlogged for 35 days. The density of P. capsis in wet groupwas 5 ; 6 times of waterlogged group when the soil treatments were finished. The number of in soil of wet group increased significantly after transplanting of chilli pepper, but the P. capsici population in waterlogged group remained unchanged. The study also showed that flooding for 20 days and 35 days respectively received 100% control effect against pepper blight in two soils collected from two greenhouse, and 40%-100% control effect was obtained in two soils inoculated with P. capsici at density of I 000 zoospores per gram dry soil with corresponding flooding time. Therefore, the authors speculated that flooding solely was not suitable for soil where soil-borne disease was serious and other measures for soil treatments should be integrated to achieve satisfying effect in disease control.

关 键 词：淹水 土壤处理 土壤性状 辣椒疫病 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学] S436.418[农业科学—农业基础科学]