士人与山川——从《容美纪游》看传统士人的山川观念  

Literati and Landscape——Viewing the Concept of the Traditional Literati's Landscape from Rongmei Jiyou

作　　者：李金花[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界宗教研究所

出　　处：《民族学刊》2013年第3期54-60,111-112,共7页Journal of Ethnology

摘　　要：《容美纪游》是一本创作于清代康熙年间的游记作品,记录了作者顾彩在清康熙四十三年(1704年)前往湖北西部、今土家族分布区的容美土司地旅行五个多月的经历。顾彩心中的容美,既是野蛮地,又是桃花源,同时还是一个仙居地。顾彩对容美土司的三重印象,正是他应对自身所处时代的产物,寄托了他对理想社会的追求。顾彩的容美之旅,反映出以顾彩为代表的中国传统士人的一种山川观念。此类山川观念,实际是中国儒家士人中久存的一个传统。在"士志于道"的追寻中,山川之地成为了对自身社会的一个超越,成为一个"求道"之地。在现今鄂西地区的土家族历史或地方史研究中,《容美纪游》被视为唯一揭示清代改土归流之前鄂西地方政治、社会、地理历史面貌的史籍资料,因此有着极其重要的地位。The rongmei jiyou (Travelogue in Rongmei) is a travelogue written in the Kangxi period (1662-1722) of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911) . The author of this work was Gu Cai,who was born in Wuxi of Jiangsu in the Kangxi period of the Qing dynasty. What the travelogue recorded was Gu Cai's five months’experience in the area of the Rongmei Tusi (the native official) in the western part of Hubei,an area now dominated by the Tujia people. If one is doing research on the history of Tujia ethnic group and local history,the rongmei jiyou is a unique historical text with regard to local politics,society and the cultural geography of western Hubei before the area underwent gaituguiliu (the replacement of native officials with loyal appointed officials) . Hence,this book holds an important position in the research of this place and period. Instead of taking this text as evidence for understanding or reconstructing history,this research will follow Greetz's idea of turning attention to the text back to the author's own path. It will try to analyze the author's idea and concept by interpreting the text,that is,how did a traditional Chinese literati,like Gu Cai,understand the Rongmei area. This research related to the conceptions of the literati is actually a part of a study on mountain worship. What the article tries to do is describe a form existing within Chinese traditional thought on mountains by taking the text written by the literati in the Qing dynasty as the object of analysis. It,furthermore,will analyze the unique anthropological meaning behind the form through dialogue with other related research.

关 键 词：山川观念 顾彩 《容美纪游》 容美土司 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]