汶川地震前后重灾区水源地水质变化特征对比分析  

Comparative analysis of changes in water quality characteristics of water sources area before and after Wenchuan earthquake

作　　者：任斐鹏[1] 胡波[1] 张平仓[1] 熊明彪[2] 胡恒[2] 

机构地区：[1]长江科学院水土保持所,湖北武汉430010 [2]四川省水土保持生态环境监测总站,四川成都610041

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2013年第3期168-177,共10页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金："十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAK10B04);水利部公益性行业科研经费项目(20091050;201304058);水利部科技推广计划项目(TG1112);长江科学院水土流失与面源污染调控创新团队(CKSF2012052/TB)

摘　　要：利用2006-2011年间的水环境监测数据,采用小波分析和多参数对比分析的方法,对汶川地震前后重灾区水源地岷江的水质变化特征进行了对比分析。分析结果表明:(1)地震前后水体中SO42-,TH和NH3-N周期的变化较明显,Cl-,F-和Fe周期的变化不明显;(2)地震后水体中Cl-,SO42-和F-的震荡幅度有所减弱,TH和NH3-N的震荡幅度有所增强;(3)地震对不同水质指标的影响程度有所差异,对NH3-N,SO42-和F-的影响主要是改变了变化程度,对Cl-和TH的影响则是改变了长期变化方向;(4)地震对水质的影响可分为短期和长期两种,其中短期影响持续1～3个月,长期影响则可延续1～2 a。究其原因,是由于地震的发生改变了相关物质源的数量和释放规律。To explore the characteristics change in water quality before and after Wenchuan Earthquake, a comparative analysis was made herein using wavelet analysis and multi-parameter comparison methods and with the aid of monthly monitoring data between 2006 and 2011. Results show that ： （ 1 ） 3 water quality index cycle change is significant and 3 index change is not significant. The obviously changed indices are SO4^2- , TH and NH3_ N while the not obviously changed indices are Cl^-, F^- and Fe; （2） After the earthquake, the oscillation amplitude of indexes Cl^-, SO4^2- and F- slows down, but the oscillation amplitude of the indices TH and NH3_ N increases; （3） The earthquake affected different water quality indices in different degrees. The earthquake affects the NH3_ N,SO42- and F- in long time change rate, while affects the Cl^- and TH by the long time change trend; （4） There are two types of earthquake effects on water quality, according to the different time lag effects. One type is the immediate influence, which affects the water quality indices Cl^-, F- and NH3_ N, from 1 to 3 months after the earthquake. The other type is the long time influence, which affects all the 5 water quality indices, and the influence can last 1 to 2 years. After the earthquake, the changed quantity and release rules of the relevant substances may be the cause of the change.

关 键 词：水源地 水质变化 汶川地震 小波分析 

分 类 号：X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程]