黑河流域汉代垦殖绿洲空间分布重建  

Reconstruction of spatial distribution of cultivated oases in Han-Dynasty Heihe River basin

作　　者：颉耀文[1] 余林[1] 汪桂生[1] 王学强[1] 史志林[2] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]兰州大学敦煌学研究所,兰州730000

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第3期306-312,319,共8页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(91025010);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAC19B09)

摘　　要：综合运用多学科研究方法和3S手段,基于遥感影像解译确定绿洲最大分布范围,结合土壤、海拔、坡度自然条件,合理推断了垦殖绿洲的总体范围.以历史文献、古遗迹、历史地图为基本资料,在开展多次深入细致地实地考察的基础上,获得对汉代垦殖绿洲进行重建的证据.以这些论据为基础,复原出了垦殖绿洲的空间分布范围并量算出了数量,从而获得了详尽的垦殖绿洲分布情况.重建结果表明:汉代垦殖绿洲在全流域都有分布,但主要集中分布在黑河干流和几条支流的下游;汉代上游和中游绿洲面积小而分散,下游相对集中,主要分布在古居延地区,黑河流域汉代垦殖绿洲面积达到1 755 km^2.黑河流域汉代垦殖绿洲能够得到大规模和全区域的开发是由国家政策、农业技术、丝绸之路、自然环境因素共同促成的.The spatial range of the largest probable cultivated oasis was obtained by an visual interpretation of remote sensing images and the overall range was obtained by the use of soil type,altitude and slope.Then evidence for reconstructing cultivated oasis spatial distribution in Han-Dynasty was obtained based on multidisciplinary research methods,3S technique,historical documents,ancient sites and historical maps and the implementation of several detailed fieldworks.Finally,the space range and number of cultivated oases were reconstructed and a detailed distribution of cultivated oases was also acquired.The reconstruction results show that Han-Dynasty cultivated oases were distributed in the whole basin but mainly in the mainstream of Heihe and also in the downstreams of several tributaries.The total area of Han-Dynasty cultivated oases reached 1 755 km^2 and was scattered with small areas in the upstream and midstream while being relatively concentrated in downstream,mainly in ancient Juyan region.The cultivated oases of Heihe River basin in the Han-Dynasty were of a large scale and were a product of the then national policy,advanced agricultural technology,the flourishing the silk road and good natural environment.

关 键 词：垦殖绿洲 空间分布 汉代 黑河流域 

分 类 号：P951[天文地球—自然地理学]