北京首都国际机场低空风切变观测分析和数值模拟  

Characteristics and a numerical study of low-level wind shear over Beijing Capital International Airport

作　　者：马敏劲[1] 林超[1] 赵素蓉 张博凯[1] 申红喜[3] 王式功[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学,大气科学学院,半干旱气候变化教育部重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]中央气象台,北京100081 [3]民航华北空管局气象中心,北京100621

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第3期354-360,共7页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务专项资金项目(LZUJBKY-2012-120);甘肃省气象局干旱气象科学研究基金项目(IAM201209);国家区域灾害性天气预报预警子系统(2011620111000084);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20120211120030)

摘　　要：利用2007-2008年北京首都国际机场气象观测资料和低空风切变的航空记录资料,统计分析了首都国际机场背景风特征和发生低空风切变时的风特征,并针对影响航空飞行安全的低空风切变个例分析了高空形势场,利用中尺度数值模式模拟了低空风切变的发展过程.主要结论有:两年间首都国际机场平均风速冬春季较大,风向主要为西北和东南方向,出现大风的频率也较夏秋季高;低空风切变主要发生在冬春两季,发生时近地面风速在11～15 m/s,风向为西北方向,主要由大气运动本身的变化造成,环流分析更加明确大尺度运动系统过境对低空风切变诱发的影响;数值模式不仅模拟出首都国际机场的低空风切变,还模拟出低空风切变自西北向东南方向的发展过程,其中,高空动量下传可能是诱发机场低空风切变的重要机制.Characteristics of wind in 2007-2008,when low-level wind shear occurred,were statistically analyzed over Beijing Capital International Airport by using meteorological observation data and low-level wind shear records.NCEP data were applied to examine the 850 hPa situation for the selected low-level wind shear case that affected aviation security over the airport.Numerical simulations were performed to simulate the development of the low-level wind shear.The main results are as follows：average wind speeds in winter and spring were bigger than in summer and autumn in 2007-2008 over Beijing Capital International Airport.The main wind direction was northwest or southeast.Wind more than 5 m/s was also mainly distributed in winter and spring.When lowlevel wind shear existed,the wind near the surface was at the speed of 11～15 m/s and the wind direction was only northwest.During the day,most low-level wind shear appeared at 00：00-11：30.The analysis demonstrated that the low-level wind shear over the airport was primarily induced by the atmosphere motion itself.Circulation analysis proved that a large-scale atmospheric motion system had a significant effect on the low-level wind shear occurrence when it passed over the airport.In accordance with the observational analysis,the numerical model has not only simulated the low-level wind shear occurrence,but also its northwest-southeast development.The high-level momentum download might be an important mechanism causing the airport low-level wind shear occurrence.

关 键 词：低空风切变 高空形势场 航空安全 北京首都机场 

分 类 号：P425.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]