施肥对全立架露地栽培甜瓜产量及不同器官元素分布状况的影响  

Influence of fertilizer application on production and element distribution in various organs of trellis-cultivated melon

作　　者：吴海华[1] 盛建东[1] 陈波浪[1] 郝丽娜[1] 曹公利 胡浩东[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆岳普湖县农技推广中心,新疆岳普湖844400

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2013年第3期69-73,共5页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑项目"多熟立体栽培模式下精准水肥管理及土壤质量提升技术研究与示范"(2009BADA4B03)

摘　　要：通过设置不施肥(CK)、氮磷肥(NP)、氮钾肥(NK)、磷钾肥(PK)、氮磷钾肥(NPK)处理,用田间试验方法研究了施肥对成熟期全立架甜瓜产量以及各器官干物质量和N、P、K、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn元素分布的影响。结果表明:全立架甜瓜N含量为胎座籽粒>叶>蔓>根>果肉果皮,P含量为胎座籽粒>叶>根>果肉果皮>蔓,K含量为蔓>叶>果肉果皮>根>胎座籽粒。施肥增加了干物质量的器官间差异,促进了光合产物向果实内转移。施肥使产量提高19.1%～51.0%。施肥降低了器官间N、P、Cu、Fe、Zn元素含量的差异,增加了K元素的差异。施肥对N、P、K元素的影响较大,对Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn元素的影响较小;叶、蔓的元素分布对施肥较敏感,果实部分所受的影响较小。NPK处理对元素分布的影响较大。同时,甜瓜各器官的元素分布受肥料交互效应的影响。氮磷钾肥配施可以更好地调配甜瓜器官间各矿质营养元素的分布,平衡矿质营养,利于产量的形成。The effects of fertilizer application on production,biomass dry weight and element distribution in various organs of trellis cultivated Melon（Cucumis melo L.）were investigated by field experiments.Five fertilizer treatments were designed,i.e.no fertilizer（CK）,nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer（NP）,and nitrogen potassium fertilizer（NK）,phosphorus potassium fertilizer（PK）,and nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer（NPK）.The results showed that N content in various organs of melon was in the order of seed〉leaf〉stem〉root〉flesh;P content was in the order of seed〉leaf〉root〉flesh〉stem;K content was in the order of stem〉leaf〉flesh〉root〉seed.Fertilizer application increased the differences in dry matter weight in various organs,and improved photosynthetic products transportation from other organs to fruit.Fruit yields were increased from 19.1% to 51.0% under the different fertilization.Fertilizer application reduced the differences in N,P,Cu,Fe and Zn content in various organs,and increased the differences in K content.The response extent of N,P and K elements to fertilizer application was larger than Cu,Zn,Fe,and Mn elements.The response extent of leaf and stem was larger than fruit portion.The response of elements to NPK fertilizer treatment was bigger than other fertilizer treatments.Besides,element distribution in various organs was also influenced by the mutual effect of fertilizer varieties.Application of nitrogen,phosphorus combined with potassium fertilizer could better change N,P,K,Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn elements distribution in various organs of melon.

关 键 词：甜瓜 立体露地栽培 施肥 产量 元素分布 

分 类 号：S652[农业科学—果树学] S143[农业科学—园艺学]