沼液高效肥在大棚番茄上的应用效果研究  

Effect of highly efficient biogas slurry fertilizer on greenhouse tomatoes

作　　者：张凤梅[1] 呼世斌[1] 康康[1] 黄海波[1] 杨浩[1] 李辰[1] 李天枢[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第6期75-78,84,共5页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：陕西省"13115"科技创新工程项目(2010ZDKG-07)

摘　　要：【目的】以沼液为母液制备沼液高效肥,研究不同配方和施肥方式的沼液高效肥对温室番茄植株生长、产量及果实品质的影响。【方法】以"金棚一号"番茄为供试材料,用沼液母液、尿素、(NH4)2HPO4、NH4H2PO4等作为主要成分配置沼液高效肥,于2012-03-07在陕西杨凌大棚温室进行田间试验,研究不同处理(TR1.用清水进行根灌(对照);TR2.用沼液母液进行根灌;TR3.高效肥用沼液母液稀释300倍进行根灌;TR4.高效肥用沼液母液稀释800倍进行叶面喷施;TR5.高效肥用沼液母液稀释300倍根灌+高效肥用沼液母液稀释800倍叶面喷施,根灌和叶面喷施沼液的养分含量比为9∶1)下番茄生长、产量及果实品质的变化。【结果】随着试验时间的延长,5个处理番茄的株高、茎粗均呈逐渐增大趋势,但TR3和TR5处理的株高、茎粗均明显高于其他处理,其中TR3处理的株高和茎粗最大,TR1处理最小。不同处理对番茄产量和果实品质有明显影响,其中TR3和TR5处理番茄果实的产量及Vc、总糖和硝酸盐含量均明显高于其他处理。【结论】自制沼液高效肥可有效促进温室番茄的生长并实现增产,其最佳的施肥方式为稀释300倍后根灌或将根灌(稀释300倍)与叶面喷施(稀释800倍)相结合。【Objective】 In this study,a novel high efficient biogas slurry fertilizer was developed and field experiment was conducted by different fertilizing methods and proportions to evaluate its effect on production and quality of greenhouse tomatoes.【Method】 Since 2012-03-07,the biogas slurry fertilizer blended with biogas slurry,urea,（NH4）2HPO4 and NH4H2PO4 was applied on greenhouse tomatoes named ＇Jinpeng No.1＇ by different treatments to measure the effect on growth,yield and the fruit quality of tomatoes.【Result】 As the experimental period prolonged,the plant height and stem diameter of these five groups showed an upward trend,among which TR3 and TR5 were significantly higher than others and TR1 was the lowest.Different treatments showed significant different effects on yield and fruits quality of tomatoes.Moreover,fruit yields,Vc contents,total sugar contents and nitrate contents of TR3 and TR5 were higher than that of others treatments.【Conclusion】 The novel high-efficiency biogas slurry fertilizer can promote the growth of greenhouse tomatoes and enhance its yield.In this study,the most optimized treatment was the combination of root irrigation（300 times dilution） and leaf surface spraying（800 times dilution）.

关 键 词：沼液 高效肥 温室番茄 生长发育 果实品质 

分 类 号：S143.6[农业科学—肥料学] S641.206.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]