我国强降雪气候特征及其变化  

Climatic Characteristics of Intense Snowfall in China with Its Variation

作　　者：刘玉莲[1] 任国玉[2] 于宏敏[1] 康恒元[3] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省气候中心,哈尔滨150030 [2]国家气候中心中国气象局气候研究开放实验室,北京100081 [3]黑龙江省防雷中心,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2013年第3期304-313,共10页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201106013,GYHY201206024)

摘　　要：基于全国气象台站逐日地面降雪观测数据,对我国25°N以北不同气候区强降雪事件的地理分布和年内旬、月变化等气候特征进行分析,并探讨1961—2008年其时间序列演变特征,及1961—2008年和1981—2008年(气候变暖后)气候变化趋势。结果表明:强降雪量和强降雪日数在青藏高原东部、新疆和东北北部最多;强降雪强度高值中心出现在云南。东北北部、华北、西北、青藏高原东部强降雪事件多发生于初冬和初春,年内分布呈双峰型;新疆和黄淮地区年内分布呈单峰型,前者多发生在隆冬时节,后者多发生于晚冬;1961—2008年东北北部、新疆、青藏高原东部平均强降雪量和强降雪日数呈明显增加趋势;气候变暖后我国大部年强降雪量增多,强降雪日数增加,强降雪强度增强。Based on daily ground snowfall observations of national meteorological stations,climatic zonation is carried out according to the snowfall variability with the REOF method to the north of 25°N in China.The main climatic characteristics and variation of intense snowfall events in different climate zones are analyzed, including the spacial distribution difference,the changing characteristics of intense snowfall and the number of snow days of the month,ten-day,spatial changes and temporal evolutions in the trend of intense snowfall,the number of snow days and intensity,and the climate change trends of the 1961-2008 and 1981-2008（considering climate warming） are calculated,respectively. It shows that the east of Tibet Plateau,Xinjiang and the north of Northeast China have the highest amount and frequency of intense snowfall.The maximum intense snow intensity centers in Yunnan.The percentage of intense snow days to total snowfall days is generally low in North China,followed by the north of Northeast China and Xinjiang,and the largest percentage occurs in the Huang-Huai River Areas. In the north of Northeast China,North China,Northwest China and the east of Tibet Plateau,the high-frequency periods of intense snow events are generally in spring and early winter.It comes to mid-winter in Xinjiang,and to late winter in the Huang-Huai River Areas.In the north of Northeast China,Xinjiang and the east of Tibet Plateau,the intense snowfall and snow days obviously increased over the last 48 years.With climate warming,the intense snowfall and snow days increase,and meanwhile the intense snow intensity strengthens in most regions of China. Due to the snowfall measurement error,the estimation results of the mean intense snowfall and snow intensity in the north of China may be low,in the spring,the mean wind speed is strong,and the intense snowfall and snow intensity estimation is lower.Because the wind speed near the ground is in decreasing trend,the analysis of climate change on intense snowfall and snow intensity may be t

关 键 词：强降雪量 强降雪日数 强降雪强度 气候特征 

分 类 号：P426.63[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]