与强对流相联系的云系特征和天气背景  

Cloud Characteristics and Synoptic Background Associated with Severe Convective Storms

作　　者：曹治强[1,2,3] 王新[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大气物理研究所中层大气与全球环境探测重点实验室,北京100029 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]国家卫星气象中心,北京100081

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2013年第3期365-372,共8页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41005026)

摘　　要：对2005—2011年造成高影响的一些强对流天气过程,按其云系特征和天气背景分为冷气团内部型、西风槽或冷涡云系尾部型、梅雨锋或切变线云系上嵌入型和高原东移高空槽云系型4种类型。冷气团内部型强对流发生在锋面或切变线云带后部的晴空区内,沿高空西北气流下滑的积云簇或向东南方向移动的短波槽是其发生的关键因子。西风槽或冷涡云系尾部型强对流发生于云带的尾部,云带后部干气流的反气旋式侵入是其主要特征。梅雨锋或切变线云系上嵌入型强对流出现在梅雨锋或切变线上,云带的北边界因常与高空急流相平行而比较清楚,强对流云团出现时云带北部的急流与高空的反气旋脊线距离较近。高原东移高空槽云系型强对流的关键影响系统是从青藏高原东部移出的短波槽云系,从水汽图像上可以看到其后部常有暗区或暗带相伴。Severe convective storms happened during 2005—2011 are analyzed and classified into four types based on cloud characteristics and synoptic background.TypeⅠlocates within the cold air mass,TypeⅡis in the rear of westerly trough or cold vortex cloud systems,TypeⅢis in Meiyu front or shear line and TypeⅣis in the upper trough system which moves eastward from the Tibetan Plateau. TypeⅠusually happens in North China,the Huanghuai or Jianghuai areas.Hail,gale and tornados always arise from them.Before severe convective storms initiation,large scale cloud band of front or shear line always appears at the Jiangnan Area or South China.North of the large scale cloud band is the place where the severe convective storms will initiate,where the upper airflow is eastward or southeastward.Cumulus clusters or short troughs moving along the upper airflow are the key factor of the strong convection initiation. TypeⅡusually occurs at the east of China and the north of the Yangtze,and the main disaster is thunderstorm, hail and gale.When the water vapor content is plenty,heavy rainfall can also appear.The place where the severe convective storms will initiate is at the rear of the cloud band corresponding to the weather system.North of the cloud band,the anticyclone dry air intrusion is the main characteristics.Although there are weather systems both at the upper and lower altitude,the storms are still difficult to forecast. TypeⅢcommonly happens during Meiyu period at the Jianghuai,Jiangnan areas or South China.The main disaster is heavy rainfall.There are some meso-scale convective systems imbedded in Meiyu front or shear line cloud band,maintaining for a long time.On water vapor channel image of satellite,the north border of the cloud band is usually trimly,which commonly go with the upper level jet.The south border of the cloud band is usually composed of feather style cirrus cloud.On cloud-derived wind field,the distance between the upper jet stream north of the cloud band and the upper anticyclone ridge is near

关 键 词：强对流 云系特征 天气背景 

分 类 号：P458.121.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]