清水砖墙无损排盐技术及效果评估——以香港牛棚艺术村PB570为例  

Non-destructive desalination of historic fair-faced brick facade and effectiveness control-an example of the restoration work at PB 570 Cattle Depot Artists Village,Hong Kong

作　　者：戴仕炳[1] 周永强 朱尚有 张德兵 

机构地区：[1]同济大学,上海20002 [2]香港新高建材工程有限公司 [3]上海德赛堡建筑材料有限公司,上海201705

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2013年第2期52-58,共7页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：同济大学教育部重点实验室基金资助;国家科技支撑计划资助(2012BAC11B01-2)

摘　　要：清水砖墙为中国近现代历史建筑最重要的装饰面层,但是几乎所有的清水墙均遭受不同程度的水溶盐危害,其修复过程中,重要的手段之一是在尽最大可能地保留历史材料的前提下排除掉这些盐分。采用离子色谱分析方法,通过对香港牛棚艺术村PB 570标段的排盐前后粘土砖中的水溶盐含量分析、不同批次排演灰浆中水溶盐含量跟踪说明,敷贴灰浆法可以有效地排除大部分盐分。其中溶解性能比较高的Cl^-、NO_3^-可以只经过一次处理,其含量就可以由"严重"降低到中等至轻微,而溶解性能比较低的SO_4^(2-)则需要2~3次的处理。The fairfaced brick facade is one of the most important finishes found in contemporary, historic build- ings in China. Unlike most monuments or historic sites, those buildings are still utilized or need to be restored to provide new flmctions. However, almost all fair- faced brick facades are moderately to highly contaminated with water - soluble salts, which may come from rising dampness, air - borne pollution, wrong repair materials （ like ce- ment） or the historical materials themselves due to chemical weathering. The traditional method in China to deal with such salt - contaminated brick stones has been to replace all of them with new stones. However, recently more effort has been made to nondestructively removing those salts in order to reuse them to meet the international guide- lines for heritage conservation, and also because of ecological considerations. One of the effective methods for remo- ving water - soluble salts is the so called ＂poulticing＂. To understand the nature of salt contamination and the effectiveness of such poulticing technologies under sub - tropical climate, studies were carried out at PB570, Cattle Depot Artists Village, 63 Ma Tau Kok Road,To Kwa Wan, Hong Kong, which is undergoing restoration. Water- soluble salts o11 bricks before and after desalination, dry poultices of each desalination procedure were analyzed with the help of ion chromatography. The applied poultice was a mixture of cellulose, clay minerals and minor amounts of additives, but no organic or inorganic binders. The Cl- , NO3- ,SO4 2- , contents of dust samples before desalina- tion fall into the high range category according to WTA Code of Practice 4 -5 -99/D. After three desalination pro- cedures, the concentration of all salts of bricks fell into the low range. These results demonstrate that a specially formulated poultice based on cellulose and clays can effectively remove most water - soluble salts. Restoration of the entire facade includes dentist repairing, rebuilding, reprofiling, repointing with NHL

关 键 词：清水墙 排盐灰浆 水溶盐 修复 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]